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a.
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{12}{24}=0,5mol\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
0,5 0,5 ( mol )
\(V_{H_2}=0,5.22,4=11,2l\)
b.\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\)
0,5 0,5 ( mol )
\(m_{CuO}=0,5.80=40g\)
\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15mol\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,1 0,3 0,1 0,15
\(m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7g\\ b.C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,3}=1M\\ c.C_{\%HCl}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{300.1,2}\cdot100=3,04\%\\ d)m_{dd}=2,7+300.1,2-0,15.2=362,4g\\ C_{\%AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{362,4}\cdot100=3,68\%\)
nFe = \(\dfrac{22,4}{56}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Pt: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
....0,4........0,8.........0,4........0,4
Vdd HCl đã dùng = \(\dfrac{0,8}{0,5}=1,6M\)
VH2 thu được = 0,4 . 22,4 = 8,96 (lít)
mFeCl2 thu được sau pứ = 0,4 . 127 = 50,8 (g)
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b+c) Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{8,4}{56}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}V_{H_2}=0,15\cdot22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\\m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,3\cdot36,5}{10,95\%}=100\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) PTHH: \(H_2+CuO\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\) CuO còn dư
\(\Rightarrow n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,15\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,15\cdot80=12\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\); \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200.14,6\%}{36,5}=0,8\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}< \dfrac{0,8}{6}\) => Al hết, HCl dư
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
0,2-->0,6---->0,2----->0,3
=> VH2 = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72 (l)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,2.133,5=26,7\left(g\right)\\m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\left(0,8-0,6\right).36,5=7,3\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mchất tan = 26,7 + 7,3 = 34 (g)
c) mdd sau pư = 5,4 + 200 - 0,3.2 = 204,8 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13,04\%\\C\%_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{7,3}{204,8}.100\%=3,56\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ pthh:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,2 0,3
\(V_{H_2}=0,3.22,4=6,72L\\ m_{AlCl_3}=133,5.0,2=26,7g\\ m_{\text{dd}}=5,4+200-\left(0,3.2\right)=204,8g\\ C\%=\dfrac{26,7}{204,8}.100\%=13\%\)
\(a.Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
_________0,1__________0,1
\(b.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,2}{2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{FeCl_2}=0,1.127=12,7\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Zn} = a(mol) ; n_{Al} = b(mol) ; n_{Mg} = c(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 65a + 27b + 24c = 44,1(1)\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ 2Al + 6HCl \to 2AlCl_3 + 3 H_2\\ Mg + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = a + 1,5b + c = \dfrac{31,36}{22,4} = 1,4(2)\\ Mà : 2a = 3b(3)\\ (1)(2)(3) \Rightarrow a = 0,3 ; b = 0,2 ; c = 0,8\\ \%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,3.65}{44,1}.100\% = 44,22\%\\ \%m_{Al} = \dfrac{0,2.27}{44,1}.100\% = 12,24\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg} = 100\% -44,22\% -12,24\% = 43,54\%\)
Có: \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{6}{24}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
___0,25___________0,25____0,25 (mol)
a, \(V_{H_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
b, \(m_{MgCl_2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5.4}{27}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3.36}{22.4}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n_{HCl}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0.3\cdot36.5=10.95\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,15}{3}\Rightarrow Aldư\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,15=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{HCl}=0,3.36,5=10,95\left(g\right)\)