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Gọi $n_{Fe} = a(mol), n_{Zn} = b(mol) , n_{Al} = c(mol) \Rightarrow 56a + 65b + 27c = 20,4(1)$
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
$2Al +3 H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 +3 H_2$
Theo PTHH : $n_{H_2} = a + b + 1,5c = \dfrac{10,08}{22,4} = 0,45(mol)(2)$
Mặt khác :
$2Fe + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2FeCl_3$
$Zn + Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} ZnCl_2$
$2Al + 3Cl_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2AlCl_3$
Theo PTHH : $n_{Cl_2} = 1,5n_{Fe} + n_{Zn} + 1,5n_{Al}$
Suy ra : \dfrac{1,5a + b + 1,5c}{a + b + c} = \dfrac{0,275}{0,2}(3)$
Từ (1)(2)(3) suy ra : a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1 ; c = 0,1
$\%m_{Fe} = \dfrac{0,2.56}{20,4}.100\% = 54,9\%$
$\%m_{Zn} = \dfrac{0,1.65}{20,4}.100\% = 31,9\%$
$\%m_{Al} = 100\% - 54,9\% - 31,9\% = 13,2\%$
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 ---> FeSO4 + H2
0,25<--------------------------0,25
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,25.56=14\left(g\right)\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{14}{32}.100\%=43,75\%\\\%m_{FeO}=100\%-43,75\%=56,25\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Mg + H2SO4 ---> MgSO4 + H2
0,15<-------------------0,15
b, mMg = 0,15.24 = 3,6 (g)
\(c,n_{Al}=\dfrac{3,6}{27}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 ---> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
\(\dfrac{2}{15}\)------------------------------------>0,2
So sánh: 0,2 > 0,15 => Al cho nhiều H2 hơn
pthh MG + H2SO4 ->MGSO4+ H2
số mol chất khí là n= v/22,4 =0,15 mol
B)khối lượng mgso4 là m = n .M=0,15.120 = 18g
a, PT: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{HCl}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2n_{H_2}=0,08\left(mol\right)< 0,1\left(mol\right)\)
→ HCl dư.
Gọi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}+n_{Fe}=x+y=0,04\left(1\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{Zn}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)⇒ 136x + 127y = 5,26 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\left(mol\right)\\y=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,02.65}{0,02.65+0,02.56}.100\%\approx53,72\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx46,28\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
a) Do dd sau pư có 3 chát tan với nồng độ % bằng nhau
=> \(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=m_{ZnSO_4}=m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}\)
Gọi số mol Al, Zn là a, b (mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a----->1,5a------->0,5a----->1,5a
Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
b----->b--------->b----->b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5a=171a\left(g\right)\\m_{ZnSO_4}=161b\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 171a = 161b
=> \(\dfrac{a}{b}=\dfrac{161}{171}\) (1)
Có: \(\dfrac{m_{Al}}{m_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27.n_{Al}}{65.n_{Zn}}=\dfrac{27}{65}.\dfrac{161}{171}=\dfrac{483}{1235}\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=1,5a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
(1)(2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{161}{825}\left(mol\right)\\b=\dfrac{57}{275}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\dfrac{161}{825}.27+\dfrac{57}{275}.65=\dfrac{5154}{275}\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.0,5\dfrac{161}{825}=\dfrac{9177}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4\left(bđ\right)}=98\left(1,5a+b\right)+\dfrac{9177}{275}=\dfrac{22652}{275}\left(g\right)\)
=> \(y=\dfrac{\dfrac{22652}{275}.100}{10}=\dfrac{45304}{55}\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> nHCl = 0,8 (mol)
Theo ĐLBTKL: mkim loại + mHCl = mmuối + mH2
=> mmuối = 15 + 0,8.36,5 - 0,4.2 = 43,4 (g)
Gọi a, b, c, d là mol mỗi chất trong 32g X
nH2=0,1mol��2=0,1���
Bảo toàn e: 2a+2b+3c+2d=0,1.2=0,22�+2�+3�+2�=0,1.2=0,2 (1)
nSO2=0,15mol���2=0,15���
Bảo toàn e: 3a+2b+3c+2d=0,15.2=0,33�+2�+3�+2�=0,15.2=0,3 (2)
Lấy (2) trừ (1) => a=0,1�=0,1
%Fe=0,1.56.10032=17,5%
Gọi a, b, c, d là mol mỗi chất trong 32g X
nH2=0,1mol��2=0,1���
Bảo toàn e: 2a+2b+3c+2d=0,1.2=0,22�+2�+3�+2�=0,1.2=0,2 (1)
nSO2=0,15mol���2=0,15���
Bảo toàn e: 3a+2b+3c+2d=0,15.2=0,33�+2�+3�+2�=0,15.2=0,3 (2)
Lấy (2) trừ (1) => a=0,1�=0,1
%Fe=0,1.56.10032=17,5%