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Tham khảo
2Al + 2NaOH + 2H2O → 2NaAlO2 + 3H2
0,2----------------------------------------------0,3
nH2=6,72\22,4=0,3 mol
=>mAl=0,2.27=5,4g
Ta có nH2 = 3,36/22,4 = 0,15 mol
Fe +2 HCl -> FeCl2 + H2
0,15. 0,3 <-. 0,15. ( Mol)
=> mFe = 0,15 × 56 = 8,4g
=> %Fe = 8,4/15×100% = 56%
=> %Cu = 100% - 56% = 44%
=>VHCl =1\0,3=10\3 l
a, PT: \(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\)
Ta có: 100nCaCO3 + 84nMgCO3 = 14,2 (1)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{CaCO_3}+n_{MgCO_3}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CaCO_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{MgCO_3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{0,1.100}{14,2}.100\%\approx70,42\%\\\%m_{MgCO_3}\approx29,58\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,6}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
PTHH :
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\)
x 2x x x x
\(MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\)
y 2y y y y
Có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}100x+84y=14,2\\x+y=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=0,1;y=0,05\)
\(a,\%m_{CaCO_3}=0,1.100:14,2.100\%\approx72,423\%\)
\(\%m_{MgCO_3}=100\%-72,423\%\approx29,577\%\)
\(b,C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,2+0,1}{0,6}=0,5\left(M\right)\)
Bài 1 :
Gọi
\(n_{Fe} = a(mol) ; n_{Zn} = b(mol)\\ Fe + 2HCl \to FeCl_2 + H_2\\ Zn + 2HCl \to ZnCl_2 + H_2\\ \)
Ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}n_{H_2}=a+b=\frac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\m_{muoi}=127a+136b=19,5\left(gam\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=0,1\\b=0,05\end{cases}}\)\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}m_{Fe}=0,1.56=5,6\left(gam\right)\\m_{Zn}=0,05.65=3,25\left(gam\right)\end{cases}}\)
Bài 2 :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}n_{BaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{BaSO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{cases}}\)
\(BaCO_3 + 2HCl \to BaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O\\ BaSO_3 + 2HCl \to BaCl_2 + SO_2 + H_2O\)
Ta có :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}m_{hh}=197a+217b=20,5\left(gam\right)\\n_{khí}=n_{CO_2}+n_{SO_2}=a+b=\frac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{cases}}\)
Suy ra: a = 0,06 ; b = 0,04
\(\%m_{BaCO_3} = \dfrac{0,06.197}{20,5}.100\% =57,66\%\\ \%m_{BaSO_3} = 100\%- 57,66\%=42,34\%\)
a, PT: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
\(Al_2O_3+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,1.27}{5,25}.100\%\approx51,43\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}\approx48,57\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, \(n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{5,25-0,1.27}{102}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=3n_{Al}+6n_{Al_2O_3}=0,45\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,45.36,5}{29,2\%}=56,25\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,225.98}{19,6\%}=112,5\left(g\right)\)
a) PTHH: \(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a_____2a______a_____a (mol)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b_____3b_______b_____\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=36,1\\a+\dfrac{3}{2}b=\dfrac{21,28}{22,4}=0,95\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,5\\b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,5\cdot56=28\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=8,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b+c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{HCl}=2a+3b=1,9\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\n_{AlCl_3}=0,3\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{1,9}{0,2}=9,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,2}=2,5\left(M\right)\\C_{M_{AlCl_3}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,2}=1,5\left(M\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1=n_{Zn}\\ n_{ZnO}=\dfrac{14,6-6,5}{81}=0,1mol\\ C\%=\dfrac{0,2\cdot136}{175,6+14,6-0,2}=14,32\%\)
a)
Gọi $n_{CaCO_3} = a; n_{MgCO_3} = b$
$\Rightarrow 100a + 84b = 28,4(1)$
$CaCO_3 + 2HCl \to CaCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
$MgCO_3 + 2HCl \to MgCl_2 + CO_2 + H_2O$
$n_{CO_2} = a + b = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(2)$
Từ (1)(2) suy ra a = 0,2 ; b = 0,1
$\%m_{CaCO_3} = \dfrac{0,2.100}{28,4}.100\% = 70,42\%$
$\%m_{MgCO_3} = 100\% -70,42\% = 29,58\%$
b)
$n_{HCl\ pư} = 2n_{CO_2} = 0,6(mol)$
$n_{HCl\ dư} = 0,6.1\% = 0,006(mol)$
$n_{HCl\ đã\ dùng} = 0,6 + 0,006 = 0,606(mol)$
$m_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{0,606.36,5}{29,2\%} = 75,75(gam)$
$V_{dd\ HCl} = \dfrac{75,75}{1,25} = 60,6(ml)$