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Gọi số mol Zn, AL là a, b (mol)
=> 65a + 27b = 3,79 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,792}{22,4}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + H2SO4 --> ZnSO4 + H2
a---->a------------------->a
2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
b---->1,5b-------------------->1,5b
=> a + 1,5b = 0,08 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,05; b = 0,02
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,05.65}{3,79}.100\%=85,752\%\\\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{0,02.27}{3,79}.100\%=14,248\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=a+1,5b=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,08.98=7,84\left(g\right)\)
Zn + H2SO4 -> ZnSO4 + H2
a -> a
2Al + 3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
b -> 1.5b
HPT: 65a+27b=3.79
a + 1.5b = 1.792/22.4= 0.08
Giải HPT ta được a=0.05 b=0.02
mZn = 0.05*65=3.25 (g)
mAl= 0.02*27=0.54 (g)
\(3,68g\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe\\Mg\end{matrix}\right.+HNO3->\left\{{}\begin{matrix}Fe\left(NO3\right)3\\Mg\left(NO3\right)2\end{matrix}\right.+5,376\left(l\right)NO2\)
Bảo toàn e :
\(3x+2y=0,24\)
Ta có :
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56x+24y=3,68\\3x+2y=0,24\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,04\left(mol\right)\\y=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%mFe=\dfrac{0,04.56}{3,68}=60,87\%\\\%mMg=\dfrac{0,06.24}{3,68}=39,13\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố Fe và Mg :
\(nFe=nFe\left(NO3\right)3=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(nMg=nMg\left(NO3\right)2=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có : \(nHNO3pu=0,04.3+0,06.2=0,24\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow mHNO3=0,24.63=15,12\left(g\right)\)
a) Gọi số mol Fe, Cr là a, b (mol)
=> 56a + 52b = 10,8 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + H2SO4 --> FeSO4 + H2
a---->a------------------->a
Cr + H2SO4 --> CrSO4 + H2
b--->b------------------->b
=> a + b = 0,2 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Fe=\dfrac{0,1.56}{10,8}.100\%=51,85\%\\\%Cr=\dfrac{0,1.52}{10,8}.100\%=48,15\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{H_2SO_4}=a+b=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=\dfrac{8,4}{22,4}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(2Al+6H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O\\ Mg+2H_2SO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}MgSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O\)
Đặt \(n_{Al}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+24b=7,65\\1,5a+b=0,375\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\\b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Al}=\dfrac{27.0,15}{7,65}.100\%=52,94\%\\ \%m_{Mg}=100\%-52,94\%=47,06\%\)
\(n_{SO2}=\dfrac{8,4}{22,4}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Cu+2H_2SO_{4đặc}\underrightarrow{t^o}CuSO_4+SO_2+2H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1 2
a 0,15 1a
\(2Fe+6H_2SO_{4đặc}\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3SO_2+6H_2O|\)
2 6 1 3 6
b 0,075 1,5b
a) Gọi a là số mol của Cu
b là số mol của Fe
\(m_{Cu}+m_{Fe}=18\left(g\right)\)
⇒ \(n_{Cu}.M_{Cu}+n_{Fe}.M_{Fe}=18g\)
⇒ 64a + 56b = 18g (1)
Theo phương trình : 1a + 1,5b = 0,375(2)
Từ(1),(2), ta có hệ phương trình :
64a + 56b = 18g
1a + 1,5b = 0,375
⇒ \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,15\\b=0,15\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{Cu}=0,15.64=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=0,15.56=8,4\left(g\right)\)
b) 0/0Cu = \(\dfrac{9,.6.100}{18}=53,33\)0/0
0/0Fe = \(\dfrac{8,4.100}{18}=46,67\)0/0
c) Có : \(n_{Cu}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuSO4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CuSO4}=0,15.160=24\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe2\left(SO4\right)3}=0,075.400=30\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Fe+4HNO_{3l}\rightarrow Fe\left(NO_3\right)_3+NO+2H_2O\)
\(3Cu+8HNO_{3l}\rightarrow3Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2+2NO+4H_2O\)
\(n_{NO}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+64b=24,8\\BTe:3a+2b=3\cdot0,3\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1\cdot56}{24,8}\cdot100\%=22,58\%\)
\(\%m_{Cu}=100\%-22,58\%=77,42\%\)
n Al = a(mol) ; n Fe = b(mol)
=> 27a + 56b = 20,65(1)
2Al + 3H2SO4 → Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
a...........1,5a............0,5a............1.5a..(mol)
Fe + H2SO4 → FeSO4 + H2
b...........b..............b............b......(mol)
=> n H2 = 1,5a + b = 0,725(2)
Từ 1,2 suy ra a = 0,35 ; b = 0,2
Suy ra :
%m Al = 0,35.27/20,65 .100% = 45,76%
%m Fe = 100% -45,76% = 54,24%
m H2SO4 = (1,5a + b).98 = 71,05 gam
m muối = m kim loại + m H2SO4 -m H2 = 20,65 + 71,05 -0,725.2 = 90,25 gam