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*Sửa đề: "13,44 lít H2" và "24,9 gam hh 2 kim loại"
PTHH: \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
a_____3a_____________\(\dfrac{3}{2}\)a (mol)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
b_____2b_____________b (mol)
Ta lập HPT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}27a+65b=24,9\\\dfrac{3}{2}a+b=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,2\\b=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{HCl}=1,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2\cdot27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Zn}=19,5\left(g\right)\\m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{1,2\cdot36,5}{7,3\%}=600\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
1/ nH2 = 0,39 mol; nHCl = 0,5 mol; nH2SO4 = 0,14 mol
nH+= 0,5 + 0,14.2 = 0,78 = 2nH2
=> axit phản ứng vừa đủ
Bảo toàn khối lượng: mkim loại + mHCl + mH2SO4 = mmuối khan + mH2
=> mmuối khan = 7,74 + 0,5.36,5 + 0,14.98 – 0,39.2 = 38,93 gam
2/ Đặt x, y là số mol Mg, Al
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+27y=7,74\\x+\dfrac{3}{2}y=0,39\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> x=0,12 ; y=0,18
Để thu được kết tủa lớn nhất thì Al(OH)3 không bị tan trong NaOH
Dung dịch A : Mg2+ (0,12 mol) , Al3+ (0,18 mol)
\(Mg^{2+}+2OH^-\rightarrow Mg\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(Al^{3+}+3OH^-\rightarrow Al\left(OH\right)_3\)
=> \(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,12.2+0,18.3=0,78\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{NaOH}=\dfrac{0,78}{2}=0,39\left(lít\right)\)
Đặt: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=n_{Fe}\left(mol\right)\\y=n_{Al}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sum m_{hh}=11\left(g\right)\Rightarrow56x+27y=11\left(1\right)\)
\(PTHH:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....x\rightarrow..2x........x......x\\ PTHH:2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)....y\rightarrow..3y.........y......1,5y\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,4\left(2\right)\)
\(\xrightarrow[\left(2\right)]{\left(1\right)}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{56.0,1}{11}=51\%\)
\(\rightarrow\%m_{Al}=49\%\)
b) \(\sum m_{ctHCl}=\left(2.0,1+3.0,2\right).36,5=29,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{29,2.100\%}{10\%}=292\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{H_2\uparrow}=\left(1.0,1+1,5.0,2\right).2=0,8\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsaupu}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{H_2\uparrow}=11+292-0,8=302,2\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,1.127}{302,2}.100=4,2\%\\ C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,2.133,5}{302,2}.100=8,8\%\)
Đặt: {x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol){x=nFe(mol)y=nAl(mol)
∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)∑mhh=11(g)⇒56x+27y=11(1)
PTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5yPTHH:Fe+2HCl→FeCl2+H2↑(mol)....x→..2x........x......xPTHH:2Al+6HCl→2AlCl3+3H2↑(mol)....y→..3y.........y......1,5y
nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)nH2=8,9622,4=0,4(mol)⇒x+1,5y=0,4(2)
(1)−→(2){x=0,1y=0,2→(2)(1){x=0,1y=0,2
a) %mFe=56.0,111=51%%mFe=56.0,111=51%
→%mAl=49%→%mAl=49%
b) ∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)∑mctHCl=(2.0,1+3.0,2).36,5=29,2(g)
mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)mddHCl=29,2.100%10%=292(g)
c) mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)mH2↑=(1.0,1+1,5.0,2).2=0,8(g)
mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)mddsaupu=mhh+mddHCl−mH2↑=11+292−0,8=302,2(g)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,568}{22,4}=0,07\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol Al, Fe là a, b
=> 27a + 56b = 2,78
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a------------------------->1,5a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b--------------->b----->b
=> 1,5a + b = 0,07
=> a = 0,02; b = 0,04
=> mFeCl2 = 0,04.127 = 5,08 (g)
=> C
Chất rắn ko tan là Cu
Đặt \(n_{Mg}=x(mol);n_{Al}=y(mol)\Rightarrow 24x+27y=13-4=9(1)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{10,08}{22,4}=0,45(mol)\\ PTHH:Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+1,5y=0,45(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,15(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ a,\%_{Cu}=\dfrac{4}{13}.100\%=30,77\%\\ \%_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,15.24}{13}.100\%=27,69\%\\ \%_{Al}=100\%-30,77\%-27,69\%=41,54\%\\ b,\Sigma n_{HCl}=2x+3y=0,9(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,9}{2}=0,45(l)\)
