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PAPER RECYCLINGA Paper is different from other waste produce because it comes from a sustainable resource: trees. Unlike the minerals and oil used to make plastics and metals, trees are replaceable. Paper is also biodegradable, so it does not pose as much threat to the environment when it is discarded. While 45 out of every 100 tonnes of wood fibre used to make paper in Australia comes from waste paper, the rest comes directly from virgin fibre from forests and plantations. By world standards, this is a good performance since the worldwide average is 33 percent waste paper. Governments have encouraged waste paper collection and sorting schemes and at the same time, the paper industry has responded by developing new recycling technologies that have paved the way for even greater utilization of used fibre. As a result, industry’s use of recycled fibres is expected to increase at twice the rate of virgin fibre over the coming years.
B Already, waste paper constitutes 70% of paper used for packaging and advances in the technology required to remove ink from the paper have allowed a higher recycled content in newsprint and writing paper. To achieve the benefits of recycling, the community must also contribute. We need to accept a change in the quality of paper products; for example, stationery may be less white and of a rougher texture. There also needs to support from the community for waste paper collection programs. Not only do we need to make the paper available to collectors but it also needs to be separated into different types and sorted from contaminants such as staples, paperclips, string and other miscellaneous items.
C There are technical limitations to the amount of paper which can be recycled and some paper products cannot be collected for re-use. These include paper in the form of books and permanent records, photographic paper and paper which is badly contaminated. The four most common sources of paper for recycling are factories and retail stores which gather large amounts of packaging material in which goods are delivered, also offices which have unwanted business documents and computer output, paper converters and printers and lastly households which discard newspapers and packaging material. The paper manufacturer pays a price for the paper and may also incur the collection cost.
D Once collected, the paper has to be sorted by hand by people trained to recognise various types of paper. This is necessary because some types of paper can only be made from particular kinds of recycled fibre. The sorted paper then has to be repulped or mixed with water and broken down into its individual fibres. This mixture is called stock and may contain a wide variety of contaminating materials, particularly if it is made from mixed waste paper which has had little sorting. Various machineries are used to remove other materials from the stock. After passing through the repulping process, the fibres from printed waste paper are grey in colour because the printing ink has soaked into the individual fibres. This recycled material can only be used in products where the grey colour does not matter, such as cardboard boxes but if the grey colour is not acceptable, the fibres must be de-inked. This involves adding chemicals such as caustic soda or other alkalis, soaps and detergents, water-hardening agents such as calcium chloride, frothing agents and bleaching agents. Before the recycled fibres can be made into paper they must be refined or treated in such a way that they bond together.
E Most paper products must contain some virgin fibre as well as recycled fibres and unlike glass, paper cannot be recycled indefinitely. Most paper is down-cycled which means that a product made from recycled paper is of an inferior quality to the original paper. Recycling paper is beneficial in that it saves some of the energy, labour and capital that go into producing virgin pulp. However, recycling requires the use of fossil fuel, a non-renewable energy source, to collect the waste paper from the community and to process it to produce new paper. And the recycling process still creates emissions which require treatment before they can be disposed of safely. Nevertheless, paper recycling is an important economical and environmental practice but one which must be carried out in a rational and viable manner for it to be useful to both industry and the community.
i. Process of paper recycling
ii. Less threat of waste paper to the environment
iii. Collection of paper for recycling
iv. Sources of paper for recycling
v. Bad sides of paper recycling
vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper
Your answer:
1. Paragraph A ...........iii. Collection of paper for recycling............
2. Paragraph B ..........vi. Contribution of community to recycling paper.............
3. Paragraph C ...........iv. Sources of paper for recycling............
4. Paragraph D ............i. Process of paper recycling...........
5. Paragraph E ...........v. Bad sides of paper recycling............
Đoạn A nói về vấn đề nóng lên toàn cầu, đoạn B nói về nạn chặn cây phá rừng tự nhiên, đoạn C nói về ô nhiễm không khí, đoạn D nói về sự tuyệt chủng loài. Đây đều là các vấn đề về môi trường => chọn a.
Tạm dịch:
a. Các vấn đề về môi trường: Chúng là gì?
b. Bảo vệ môi trường: Nó quan trọng như thế nào?
c. Các giải pháp môi trường: Chúng thực tế như thế nào?
Môi trường chúng ta sống đang phải đối mặt với nhiều vấn đề nghiêm trọng. Chúng ta cần nhận thức rõ những vấn đề này để có thể tìm cách bảo vệ thiên nhiên.
A. Sự nóng lên toàn cầu là sự gia tăng nhiệt độ trung bình của khí quyển trái đất. Đó là một trong những vấn đề lớn nhất mà con người phải đối mặt ngày nay. Nó có thể gây ra những hậu quả nghiêm trọng như mực nước biển dâng cao, băng tan ở hai cực và các hiện tượng thời tiết khắc nghiệt như lũ lụt hoặc sóng nhiệt.
B. Một vấn đề môi trường khác là chặt phá rừng tự nhiên. Việc mất rừng có thể có tác động tiêu cực đến môi trường. Nó có thể làm hư hại môi trường sống tự nhiên của nhiều loài động vật và khiến động vật hoang dã gặp nguy hiểm. Nó cũng có thể phá hủy đất tự nhiên và dẫn đến biến đổi khí hậu.
C. Ô nhiễm không khí cũng là một vấn đề nghiêm trọng. Nguyên nhân chủ yếu là do khí thải từ xe cộ, máy móc hoặc nhà máy. Khi những khí độc hại này kết hợp với nước trong không khí, chúng sẽ tạo thành mưa hoặc tuyết, có thể gây hại cho mọi dạng sống. Ngoài ra, vấn đề này còn dẫn đến hiện tượng nóng lên toàn cầu và biến đổi khí hậu. Nó cũng là nguyên nhân chính gây ra các bệnh về đường hô hấp hay thậm chí là ung thư phổi.
D. Trên khắp thế giới, số lượng các loài động vật có nguy cơ tuyệt chủng đang tăng lên. Nhiều con trong số chúng biến mất vì ô nhiễm và biến đổi khí hậu. Ngoài ra, còn vì con người săn bắt và giết động vật một cách bất hợp pháp và đánh bắt quá nhiều cá cùng một lúc. Điều này đang làm đảo lộn sự cân bằng tự nhiên của các hệ sinh thái, có thể gây hại cho tất cả các sinh vật sống và không sống.
1, We should stop doing anything to ...dangerous..... wildlife. (danger)
2. Can you live ....independence... of your parents? (dependence)
3. People study yoga for a .variety.....of reasons. (vary)
4. Endangered animals should be bred in..conservation....areas.(conserve)
5. the river near where I live is highly..polluted...because of toxic chemicals. (pollute)
6. Air ..pollution...is a consequence of fossil fuel burning by motor vehicles, factories, aircraft, and rockets.(pollute)
7. In some national parks, tourists are not fully aware of ...environmental..protection. (environment)
8. Don't ask him questions about his family. He hates answering...personal..question. (person)
9. Noise pollution can cause stress and...
psychological.... and health problems for human.(psychology)10.......exploitaion.....of oil will lead to the depletion of this natural resource.(exploit)
1, We should stop doing anything to ....ENDANGER... wildlife. (danger)
2. Can you live ....INDEPENDENT... of your parents? (dependence)
3. People study yoga for a ...VARIETY...of reasons. (vary)
4. Endangered animals should be bred in...CONSERVATION...areas.(conserve)
5. the river near where I live is highly...POLLUTED..because of toxic chemicals. (pollute)
6. Air ...POLLUTION..is a consequence of fossil fuel burning by motor vehicles, factories, aircraft, and rockets.(pollute)
7. In some national parks, tourists are not fully aware of ..ENVIRONMENTAL...protection. (environment)
8. Don't ask him questions about his family. He hates answering..PERSONAL...question. (person)
9. Noise pollution can cause stress and....PSYCHOLOGICAL.... and health problems for human.(psychology)
10.......EXPLOITATION......of oil will lead to the depletion of this natural resource.(exploit)
Conservation is the safeguarding and preservation(1)........of.......natural resources, so that they can continue to e used and enjoyed. In the past, most people believed that the world's resources could never(2)....be.............used up. Today, we know that is not true. An important part of conservation is the prevention of waste - waste of forest, soil, wild - life, minerals(3)......and......human lives. As important is the fight against pollution of our(4)...environment......., in particular, the dirtying and poisoning of air and water. Conservation is(5)..also.......concerned with the reclaiming of land by irrigating deserts, draining swamps or pushing back the sea.
I. Fill each of the numbered blanks in the following passage with a suitable word.
About two hundred years ago, man lived in (1) greater harmony with his environment because/ since/ as (2) industry was not much developed. Today the situation is quite different (3). People all over the world are worried about what is happening to the environment (4), because of modern industry and the need for more and more energy. Newspapers and magazines write (5) about water pollution, air pollution, and land pollution.
Why is there so much discussion about pollution (6)? After all, people have been polluting the world around (7) them for thousands and thousands of years. But in the past (8), there were not many (9) people and there was lots of room in the world so people could move to another place when (10) their settlements became dirty.
Now, however, many parts of the world are crowded (11). People live in big cities and much of our waste, especially waste (12) from factories, electric power stations, the chemical industry and heavy industry is (13) very dangerous. Fish die in the lakes, rivers, and seas; forest trees die too. Much of this dangerous (14) waste goes into the air and is carried by the wind (15) for great distances.
1. conservation
2. contribution
3. entrapment
4. challenges
5. mysterious
6. covered
7. maintenance
8. investigation
9. discoveries
10. independent
1. If you change your diet, you can help save the environment.
(Nếu bạn thay đổi chế độ ăn uống của mình, bạn có thể giúp cứu lấy môi trường.)
Thông tin: You don't need to buy an electric car - just change your diet! Here are some of the biggest benefits of choosing a plant-based diet
(Bạn không cần phải mua một chiếc xe điện - chỉ cần thay đổi chế độ ăn uống của bạn! Dưới đây là một số lợi ích lớn nhất của việc chọn một chế độ ăn uống dựa trên thực vật.)
2. It takes over 15,000 liters of water to produce one kilogram of beef.
(Cần hơn 15.000 lít nước để sản xuất một kg thịt bò.)
Thông tin: Do you know how much water is used to produce just one kilogram of beef? Over 15,000 liters!
(Bạn có biết phải sử dụng bao nhiêu nước để sản xuất một kg thịt bò không? Hơn 15.000 lít!)
3. There would be more space for nature if people grew more food for humans and didn't eat as much meat.
(Sẽ có nhiều không gian hơn cho thiên nhiên nếu con người trồng nhiều thức ăn hơn cho con người và không ăn nhiều thịt.)
Thông tin: If we ate less meat and planted more food for humans, we would have more land for forests and wild animals.
(Nếu chúng ta ăn ít thịt hơn và trồng nhiều thức ăn hơn cho con người, chúng ta sẽ có nhiều đất hơn cho rừng và động vật hoang dã.)
4. You may enjoy foods like carrots and broccoli if you begin eating more plant-based foods.
(Bạn có thể thưởng thức các loại thực phẩm như cà rốt và bông cải xanh nếu bạn bắt đầu ăn nhiều thực phẩm có nguồn gốc thực vật hơn.)
Thông tin: If you start eating more plant-based foods, you might even like vegetables more than meat!
(Nếu bạn bắt đầu ăn nhiều thực phẩm có nguồn gốc thực vật hơn, bạn thậm chí có thể thích rau hơn thịt!)
Nowadays, people are destroying rain forests of the earth seriously. It is (1)___ estimated____ that every year 100000 square kilometers of rain forests are (2)___ destroyed____ for supply of wood paper and fuel as well as for the residence and (3)___ farming____ land. Rain forests are very important for the world's climate. They receive the rainfall on the earth and produce a large amount of the world's oxygen. Destroying rain forests, (3)__ therefore___, is destroying our environment. Saving rain forest is an international problem. Nations need cooperation to (5)___ save__ rain forests, if not, it will be late.
Nowadays, people are destroying rain forests of the earth seriously. It is (1) estimated that every year 100000 square kilometers of rain forests are (2) destroyed for supply of wood paper and fuel as well as for the residence and (3) farming land. Rain forests are very important for the world's climate. They receive the rainfall on the earth and produce a large amount of the world's oxygen. Destroying rain forests, (4) therefore, is destroying our environment. Saving rain forest is an international problem. Nations need cooperation to (5) save rain forests, if not, it will be late.
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