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\(\dfrac{\pi}{2}< a< \pi\Rightarrow sina>0\)
\(\Rightarrow sina=\sqrt{1-cos^2a}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
\(K=2sina.cosa+2cos^2a-1=-\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{4}{9}\sqrt{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}=\dfrac{1}{4}\Rightarrow a-b=-3\)
\(P=\dfrac{16}{x}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}}{y}=\dfrac{4^2}{x}+\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2}{y}\ge\dfrac{\left(4+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2}{x+y}=\dfrac{81}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=\dfrac{81}{20}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{40}{9}\\y=\dfrac{5}{9}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=81\\b=20\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a+b=101\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\dfrac{4x+9}{28}}=y+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\).
Ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}14y^2+14y=2x+1\\14x^2+14x=2y+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow14\left(x^2-y^2\right)+16\left(x-y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\x+y=\dfrac{-8}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\).
Đến đây thế vào là được.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+1}=y\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow4x^2+12xy=27y^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-3y\right)\left(2x+9y\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3y=2x\\9y=-2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3\sqrt{x+1}=2x\left(x\ge0\right)\\9\sqrt{x+1}=-2x\left(x\le0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}9\left(x+1\right)=4x^2\left(x\ge0\right)\\81\left(x+1\right)=4x^2\left(x\le0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=3\\x=\dfrac{81-9\sqrt{97}}{8}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét \(\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{3\left(a-2\right)}{25}-\dfrac{2}{5}=\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}+\dfrac{3a-16}{25}=\dfrac{\left(3a-4\right)\left(a-2\right)^2}{25\left(a^2+1\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a}{a^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(a-2\right)}{25}\)
CMTT \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{b}{b^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(b-2\right)}{25}\\\dfrac{c}{c^2+1}\ge\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(c-2\right)}{25}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Cộng vế theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}+\dfrac{2}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(a-2\right)+3\left(b-2\right)+3\left(c-2\right)}{25}\ge\dfrac{6}{5}-\dfrac{3\left(a+b+c-6\right)}{25}=\dfrac{6}{5}\)
Dấu \("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=2\)
Câu 4b/
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-3=\dfrac{1-a}{a}+\dfrac{1-b}{b}+\dfrac{1-c}{c}=\dfrac{b+c}{a}+\dfrac{c+a}{b}+\dfrac{a+b}{c}\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{c}+\dfrac{c}{b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{a}+\dfrac{a}{c}\right)=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{ac}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}=\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{ac}+3\)
Đề bài trở thành:
\(=\dfrac{ab}{a^2+b^2}+\dfrac{bc}{b^2+c^2}+\dfrac{ca}{c^2+a^2}+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{ab}+\dfrac{b^2+c^2}{bc}+\dfrac{c^2+a^2}{ac}\right)+\dfrac{3}{4}\)
\(\ge1+1+1+\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{15}{4}\)
PS: Đề thì quành tráng mà giải ra thì thấy chán ngắt.
Câu 4a/ \(P=x-\sqrt{x-2017}=\left(x-2017\right)-\sqrt{x-2017}+0,25+2016,75\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x-2017}-0,5\right)^2+2016,75\ge2016,75\)
PS: Tưởng câu này là câu khó nhất chớ. Sao có 2 bước là ra đáp án vầy :(
\(y=\dfrac{4}{x}+\dfrac{9}{1-x}\ge\dfrac{\left(2+3\right)^2}{x+1-x}=25\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{x}{2}=\dfrac{1-x}{3}\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b=7\)