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Ta có : Q = x2 - 2xy -12x +y2 +12y + 36 + 5y2 -10y + 5 + 1976
= [ x2 -2x(y + 6 ) + ( y + 6 )2 ] + 5 (y2 -2y +1 ) +1976
= ( x- y - 6 )2 + 5 (y-1)2 + 1976
Vì ( x - y - 6)2 \(\ge\)0 với mọi x ; y ;5 .(y-1)2 \(\ge\)0 với mọi x ; y và 1976 > 0
Nên biểu thức Q luôn nhận giá trị dương với mọi x ;y
Q=x2+6y2−2xy−12x+2y+2017
Q=(x2-2xy+y2)-(12x-12y)+36+(5y2-10y+5)+1976
=(x-y)2-12(x-y)+36+5(y2-2y+1)+1976
=[(x-y)2-12(x-y)+36]+5(y-1)2+1976
=(x-y-6)2+5(y-1)2+1976
do (x-y-6)2 ≥ 0 ∀ x,y
(y-1)2 ≥ 0 ∀ y
=> (x-y-6)2+5(y-1)2+1976 ≥ 1976
=> Q≥ 1976
=> MinA=1976 khi
y-1=0
=>y=1
x-y-6=0
=>x-1-6=0
=>x-7=0
=>x=7
Vậy GTNN của Q =1976 khi x=7 và y=1
a) \(x^2 +x +1 = x^2 +x +1/4 +3/4 = (x+1/2)^2 +3/4\)
các câu khác dùng phương pháp tương tự
a) x^2 + x +1 = x^2 + x + 1/4 + 3/4 = ( x+ 1/2)^2 + 3/4
Vì (x+1/2)^2 >= 0 => (x+1/2)^2 + 3/4>=3/4 > 0
b) 4x^2 - 2x + 1 = (2x)^2 - 2x + 1/4 + 3/4 = (2x +1/2)^2 + 3/4
Vì (2x +1/2)^2 >=0 => (2x +1/2)^2 + 3/4 >= 3/4 > 0
c) x^4 -3x^2 + 9 = x^4 - 3x^2 + 9/4 + 25/4 = ( x^2+ 3/2)^2 + 9/4
Vì ( x^2+ 3/2)^2 >= 0 => ( x^2+ 3/2)^2 + 9/4 >=9/4 >0
d) x^2 + y^2 -2x-2y + 2xy +1
= ( x^2 + 2xy + y^2) - 2( x+y) +1
= ( x+y)^2 -2(x+y) +1
= (x +y +1)^2 >=0
g) x^2+y^2+2(x-2y)+6
= (x^2 + 2x +1) + (y^2 -4y+4) +1
= ( x+1)^2 + (y-2)^2 +1
Vì (x+1)^2; (y-2)^2 >= 0 => ( x+1)^2 + (y-2)^2 +1>=1>0
\(x^2+2xy+2y^2+2y+5=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+4=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+4\\ \\ Vì\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\left(\forall x,y\right),\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0\left(\forall y\right)\\ \\ \Rightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+4\ge4\forall x,y\\ \\ \\ \\ \\ Vậy......................\)
\(A=x^2+2y^2-2xy-2y+15\)
\(=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+14>14>0\)
Vậy : \(A>0\)
a) x2 + x + 1 = ( x2 + x + 1/4 ) + 3/4 = ( x + 1/2 )2 + 3/4 ≥ 3/4 > 0 ∀ x ( đpcm )
b) 4x2 - 2x + 1 = 4( x2 - 1/2x + 1/16 ) + 3/4 = 4( x - 1/4 )2 + 3/4 ≥ 3/4 > 0 ∀ x ( đpcm )
c) x4 - 3x2 + 9 (*)
Đặt t = x2
(*) <=> t2 - 3t + 9 = ( t2 - 3t + 9/4 ) + 27/4 = ( t - 3/2 )2 + 27/4 = ( x2 - 3/2 )2 + 27/4 ≥ 27/4 > 0 ∀ x ( đpcm )
d) x2 + y2 - 2x - 4y + 6 = ( x2 - 2x + 1 ) + ( y2 - 4y + 4 ) + 1 = ( x - 1 )2 + ( y - 2 )2 + 1 ≥ 1 > 0 ∀ x, y ( đpcm )
e) x2 + y2 - 2x - 2y + 2xy + 2 = ( x2 + 2xy + y2 - 2x - 2y + 1 ) + 1
= [ ( x2 + 2xy + y2 ) - ( 2x + 2y ) + 1 ] + 1
= [ ( x + y )2 - 2( x + y ) + 12 ] + 1
= ( x + y - 1 )2 + 1 ≥ 1 > 0 ∀ x, y ( đpcm )
a) \(x^2+x+1=\left(x^2+x+\frac{1}{4}\right)+\frac{3}{4}=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}>0\left(\forall x\right)\)
b) \(4x^2-2x+1=4\left(x^2-\frac{x}{2}+\frac{1}{16}\right)+\frac{3}{4}=4\left(x-\frac{1}{4}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}>0\left(\forall x\right)\)
c) \(x^4-3x^2+9=\left(x^4-3x^2+\frac{9}{4}\right)+\frac{27}{4}=\left(x^2-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{27}{4}>0\left(\forall x\right)\)
d) \(x^2+y^2-2x-4y+6\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2-4y+4\right)+1\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-2\right)^2+1>0\left(\forall x,y\right)\)
e) \(x^2+y^2-2x-2y+2xy+2\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^2-2\left(x+y\right)+1+1\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+1>0\left(\forall x,y\right)\)
a)
\(A=x^2-4x+18=\left(x^2-4x+4\right)+14=\left(x-2\right)^2+14\ge14>0\)
\(B=x^2-x+2=\left(x^2-x+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\dfrac{7}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{7}{4}\ge\dfrac{7}{4}>0\)
\(C=x^2-2xy+2y^2-2y+15\)
\(C=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+14\)
\(C=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+14\ge14>0\)
\(A=x^2+10y^2+2xy-6y+5\)
\(A=x^2+2xy+y^2+9y^2-6y+1+4\)
\(A=\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(3y+1\right)^2+4\)
Mà \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(3y+1\right)^2\ge0\\4>0\end{cases}}\)
=> A luôn dương với mọi x ; y
\(B=x-x^2-1\)
\(B=-\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(B=-\left(x^2-x+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{3}{4}\right)\)
\(B=-\left[\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\right]\)
\(B=-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-\frac{3}{4}\)
Mà \(\hept{\begin{cases}-\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\le0\\-\frac{3}{4}< 0\end{cases}}\)
=> B luôn âm với mọi x
\(x^2-2xy+2y^2+2y+5=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)+4=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+4\)
Do \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\\left(y+1\right)^2\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) ;\(\forall x;y\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2+4>0\) ; \(\forall x;y\)