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3.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1;x\ne13\)
\(\left(x+2\right)\left(\sqrt{x+1}-2\right)=\sqrt[3]{2x+1}-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+2\right)\sqrt{x+1}-2x-4=\sqrt[3]{2x+1}-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{x+1}+x+1-\left(2x+1\right)-\sqrt[3]{2x+1}=0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=a\\\sqrt[3]{2x+1}=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+a-b^3-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}=\sqrt[3]{2x+1}\) (\(x\ge-\frac{1}{2}\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^3=\left(2x+1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=?\)
2.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8x^3+2x-\left(2x+2\right)\sqrt{2x+1}=0\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=a\\\sqrt{2x+1}=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3+a-\left(b^2+1\right)b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-b^3+a-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=\sqrt{2x+1}\) (\(x\ge0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2=2x+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=?\)
\(2\left(x-2\right)\left(\sqrt[3]{4x-4}+\sqrt{2x-2}\right)=3x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-2\right)\left[\left(\sqrt[3]{4x-4}-2\right)+\left(\sqrt{2x-2}-2\right)\right]+8\left(x-2\right)=3x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x-2\right)\left[\frac{4x-12}{\sqrt[3]{\left(4x-4\right)^2}+2\sqrt[3]{4x-4}+4}+\frac{2x-6}{\sqrt{2x-2}+2}\right]+\left(5x-15=0\right)\)
\(\left(x-3\right)\left[\frac{8\left(x-2\right)}{...}+\frac{4\left(x-2\right)}{...}+5\right]=0\Leftrightarrow x=3.\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+1}=y\ge1\) pt trở thành \(\left(4x-1\right)y=2y^2-2x\)
\(4xy-y=2y^2-2x\Leftrightarrow2y^2-2x-4xy+y=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow y\left(2y+1\right)-2x\left(2y+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2y+1\right)\left(y-2x\right)=0\Leftrightarrow y=2x\)(vì y=-1/2(loại))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+1}=2x\Leftrightarrow x=\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}\)
b)\(\sqrt{25x^2}=19\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x=19\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{19}{5}\)
c)\(\sqrt{x-7}+3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-7}=-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-7=9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=16\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+1}=t>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(4x-1\right)t=2t^2-2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2t^2-\left(4x-1\right)t-2x=0\)
\(\Delta=\left(4x-1\right)^2+16x=\left(4x+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{4x-1-\left(4x+1\right)}{4}=-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(loại\right)\\t=\dfrac{4x-1+4x+1}{4}=2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2+1}=2x\) (\(x\ge0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+1=4x^2\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)