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a,ĐKXĐ:\(x\ge2\)
\(4\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{9x-18}-\sqrt{\dfrac{x-2}{4}}=26\\ \Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x-2}+3\sqrt{x-2}-\dfrac{\sqrt{x-2}}{2}=26\\ \Leftrightarrow8\sqrt{x-2}+6\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x-2}=52\\ \Leftrightarrow13\sqrt{x-2}=52\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}=4\\ \Leftrightarrow x-2=16\\ \Leftrightarrow x=18\left(tm\right)\)
b,ĐKXĐ:\(x\in R\)
\(3x+\sqrt{4x^2-8x+4}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{x^2-2x+1}=1-3x\\ \Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|=\dfrac{1-3x}{2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-1=\dfrac{1-3x}{2}\\x-1=\dfrac{3x-1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-2=1-3x\\2x-2=3x-1\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3}{5}\left(tm\right)\\x=-1\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c, ĐKXĐ:\(x\ge0\)
\(\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)=7\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)-2\left(2\sqrt{x}+1\right)=7\\ \Leftrightarrow2x+\sqrt{x}-4\sqrt{x}-2=7\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-3\sqrt{x}-9=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+3\sqrt{x}\right)-\left(6\sqrt{x}+9\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x}\left(2\sqrt{x}+3\right)-3\left(2\sqrt{x}+3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-3\right)\left(2\sqrt{x}+3\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}=3\\2\sqrt{x}=-3\left(vô.lí\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow x=9\left(tm\right)\)
\(\left(x^2+7\right)+4x=\left(x+4\right)\sqrt{x^2+7}\)
ĐẶt :\(\sqrt{x^2+7}\) = a > 0
=> a2 - (x+4)a +4x=0 =>\(\Delta=\left(x+4\right)^2-16x=\left(x-4\right)^2\ge0\)
a = \(\frac{x+4+\left|x-4\right|}{2}\Leftrightarrow\int^{a=x}_{a=4}\)
+a =x =>\(\sqrt{x^2+7}\)= x vô nghiệm
+ a =4 => \(\sqrt{x^2+7}\)=4 => x2 = 9 => x =3 ; x = -3
Đặt \(a=\sqrt{x^2+7}\) ta có :
a2 + 4x = ( x + 4 ) a
⇔ a2 - 4a - ax + 4x = 0
⇔ ( a - 4 ) ( a - x ) = 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\a=x\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+7=16\\x^2+7=x^2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x^2=9\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
- ĐKXĐ : \(x^2+7\ge0\) ( Luôn đúng \(\forall x\) )
Ta có : \(x^2+4x+7=\left(x+4\right)\sqrt{x^2+7}\)
- Đặt \(a=\sqrt{x^2+7}\) ta được phương trình :\(a^2+4x=a\left(x+4\right)\)
( ĐKXĐ : \(a\ge0\) )
=> \(a^2+4x-ax-4a=0\)
=> \(a\left(a-x\right)-4\left(a-x\right)=0\)
=> \(\left(a-4\right)\left(a-x\right)=0\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a-4=0\\a-x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=4\\a=x\end{matrix}\right.\) ( TM )
- Thay \(a=\sqrt{x^2+7}\) vào phương trình trên ta được :
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+7}=4\\\sqrt{x^2+7}=x\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+7=16\\x^2+7=x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=9\\0=7\left(VL\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(x=\pm3\) ( TM )
Vậy phương trình có nghiệm là \(x=\pm3\) .
a.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne\pm y\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+y}=u\\\dfrac{1}{x-y}=v\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u+v=2\\2u+3v=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3u+3v=6\\2u+3v=5\\\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=1\\v=2-u\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}u=1\\v=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+y}=1\\\dfrac{1}{x-y}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x+y=1\\x-y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\x^2-4x+7=x+1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge-1\\x^2-5x+6=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(x^2+4x-7=\left(x+4\right)\sqrt{x^2-7}\)(ĐKXĐ;: \(x\ge\sqrt{7}\)hoặc \(x\le-\sqrt{7}\))
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x-7=x\sqrt{x^2-7}+4\sqrt{x^2-7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-7-x\sqrt{x^2-7}\right)+\left(4x-4\sqrt{x^2-7}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2-7}\left(\sqrt{x^2-7}-x\right)-4\left(\sqrt{x^2-7}-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x^2-7}-4\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2-7}-x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt{x^2-7}-4=0\\\sqrt{x^2-7}-x=0\end{cases}}\)
- Nếu \(\sqrt{x^2-7}-4=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-7=16\Leftrightarrow x^2=23\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-\sqrt{23}\\x=\sqrt{23}\end{cases}}\)(thoả mãn)
- Nếu \(\sqrt{x^2-7}-x=0\Leftrightarrow x^2-7=x^2\Leftrightarrow-7=0\)(Vô lí)
Vậy tập nghiệm của phương trình : \(S=\left\{-\sqrt{23};\sqrt{23}\right\}\)
ĐKXĐ: mọi \(x\)
Ta có \(x^2+4x+7=\left(x+4\right)\sqrt{x^2+7}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+4\right)\sqrt{x^2+7}-x^2-4x-7=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+4\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+7}-4\right)-x^2-4x+4x-7+16=0\) ( thêm bớt )
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+4\right)\left(\sqrt{x^2+7}-4\right)-\left(x^2-9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+4\right)\dfrac{x^2-9}{\sqrt{x^2+7}+4}-\left(x^2-9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-9\right)\left(\dfrac{x+4}{\sqrt{x^2+7}+4}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-9=0\\\dfrac{x+4}{\sqrt{x^2+7}+4}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm3\\\dfrac{x+4}{\sqrt{x^2+7}+4}=1\left(\text{*}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải (*), ta được phương trình
\(\left(\text{*}\right)\Leftrightarrow x+4=\sqrt{x^2+7}+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x^2+7}=x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+7=x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7=0\) ( vô lý )
Suy ra phương trình (*) vô nghiệm
Vậy \(S=\left\{\pm3\right\}\)
Bài 1:
ĐK:...........
PT\((1)\Rightarrow x+y+2\sqrt{(x+y)(x-y)}+x-y=16\) (bình phương 2 vế)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+\sqrt{x^2-y^2}=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{x^2-y^2}=8-x\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} 8-x\geq 0\\ x^2-y^2=(8-x)^2=x^2-16x+64\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\leq 8\\ y^2=16x-64\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thay vào PT(2) ta có:
\(x^2+16x-64=128\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+16x-192=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=8\\ x=-24\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu \(x=8\Rightarrow y^2=16x-64=64\Rightarrow y=\pm 8\) (thỏa mãn)
Nếu $x=-24\Rightarrow y^2=16x-64< 0$ (vô lý-loại)
Vậy $(x,y)=(8,\pm 8)$
Bài 2:
Ta thấy:
\(x^2-4x+11=(x^2-4x+4)+7=(x-2)^2+7\geq 0, \forall x\)
\(x^4-8x^2+21=(x^4-8x^2+16)+5=(x^2-4)^2+5\geq 5, \forall x\)
Do đó:
\((x^2-4x+11)(x^4-8x^2+21)\geq 7.5=35\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \((x-2)^2=(x^2-4)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
Vậy.......
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