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1. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+4y=11\\2x-y=-11\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+4y=11\\8x-4y=-44\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+4y=11\\11x=-33\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=5\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
2. \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=0\\2x+y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+2y=0\\4x+2y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=3\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
3.\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x+\dfrac{5}{2}y=9\\2x+\dfrac{1}{3}y=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x+5y=18\\6x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}4y=12\\6x+y=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=3\\x=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2\left|y\right|=9\\2x+3\left|y\right|=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x-4\left|y\right|=18\\6x+9\left|y\right|=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-13\left|y\right|=15\\3x-2\left|y\right|=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left|y\right|=\dfrac{-15}{13}\\3x-2\left|y\right|=9\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\)Phương trình vô nghiệmVậy: \(S=\varnothing\)
$\begin{cases}3x-2|y|=9\\2x+3|y|=1\\\end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}6x-4|y|=18\\6x+9|y|=3\\\end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}13|y|=-15(loại)\\|3x|-2|y|=9\\\end{cases}$
Vậy HPT vô nghiệm
Điều kiện: \(y\ge0\)
pt thứ nhất của hệ \(\Leftrightarrow\left(y-x+3\right)^2=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow y-x+3=0\) \(\Leftrightarrow y=x-3\)
Thay vào pt thứ hai của hệ, ta được \(2x^2+3x+x-3-\left(3x+1\right)\sqrt{x-3}-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4x-5=\left(3x+1\right)\sqrt{x-3}\) \(\left(x\ge3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(2x^2+4x-5\right)^2=\left[\left(3x+1\right)\sqrt{x-3}\right]^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^4+16x^2+25+16x^3-20x^2-40x=\left(3x+1\right)^2\left(x-3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^4+16x^3-4x^2-40x+25=9x^3-21x^2-17x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^4+7x^3+17x^2-23x+28=0\)
Đặt \(f\left(x\right)=4x^4+7x^3+17x^2-23x+28\)
\(f\left(x\right)=4x^4+7x^3+17x^2+4+4+...+4-23x+4\) (có 6 số 4 ở giữa)
\(f\left(x\right)\ge9\sqrt[9]{4x^4.7x^3.17x^2.4^6}-23x+4\) \(=\left(9\sqrt[9]{1949696}-23\right)x+4\)
Hiển nhiên \(9\sqrt[9]{1949696}>23\). Lại có \(x\ge3\) nên \(f\left(x\right)>0\), Như vậy pt \(f\left(x\right)=0\) vô nghiệm. Điều đó có nghĩa là phương trình đã cho vô nghiệm.
`|2x+1|=|3x+5|`
`<=> [(2x+1=3x+5),(2x+1=-(3x+5):}`
`<=> [(x=-4),(x=-6/5):}`
.
`|2x-1|=|-5x-2|`
`<=> [(2x-1=-5x-2),(2x-1=-(-5x-2):}`
`<=> [(x=-1/7),(x=-1):}`
Ơ shao toàn lỗi tke nhỉ ._?
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=3x+5\\2x+1=-\left(3x+5\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-1=-5x-2\\2x-1=-\left(5x-2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.
ĐKXĐ: \(x^2+2x-1\ge0\)
\(x^2+2x-1+2\left(x-1\right)\sqrt{x^2+2x-1}-4x=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+2x-1}=t\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2+2\left(x-1\right)t-4x=0\)
\(\Delta'=\left(x-1\right)^2+4x=\left(x+1\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1-x+x+1=2\\t=1-x-x-1=-2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+2x-1}=2\\\sqrt{x^2+2x-1}=-2x\left(x\le0\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+2x-5=0\\3x^2-2x+1=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-1\pm\sqrt{6}\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{5}\)
\(2x^2+x-3+2x-\sqrt{5x-1}+2-\sqrt[3]{9-x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+3\right)+\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(4x-1\right)}{2x+\sqrt[]{5x-1}}+\dfrac{x-1}{4+2\sqrt[3]{9-x}+\sqrt[3]{\left(9-x\right)^2}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(2x+3+\dfrac{4x-1}{2x+\sqrt[]{5x-1}}+\dfrac{1}{4+2\sqrt[3]{9-x}+\sqrt[3]{\left(9-x\right)^2}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\) (ngoặc đằng sau luôn dương)
e.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-3y+5=0\\3x+5y-21=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}10x-15y=-25\\9x+15y=63\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}19x=38\\3x+5y=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{21-3x}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
f.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y\sqrt{2}=0\\2x\sqrt{2}+y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y\sqrt{2}=0\\4x+y\sqrt{2}=5\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x=5\sqrt{2}\\2x\sqrt{2}+y=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{2}\\y=5-2x\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\sqrt{2}\\y=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
a.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x=-25\\3x-5y=-30\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=\dfrac{3x+30}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-5\\y=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
b.
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}8x-6y=-10\\9x+6y=-24\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}17x=-34\\9x+6y=-24\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=\dfrac{-24-9x}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
9: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2=y\\2x+3y=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-y=2\\2x+3y=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x-2y=4\\6x+9y=18\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-11y=-14\\3x-y=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{14}{11}\\x=\dfrac{y+2}{3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{14}{11}+2}{3}=\dfrac{12}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(9,\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2=y\\2x+3\left(3x-2\right)=6\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x-2=y\\11x=12\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{12}{11}\\y=\dfrac{14}{11}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(10,\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=2-3y\\2\left(2-3y\right)-y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=2-3y\\4-6y-y-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{14}\\y=\dfrac{3}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
ĐKXĐ: \(2\le x\le5\)
\(\left(\sqrt{2x-4}-\sqrt{5-x}\right)\sqrt{3x-3}=3x-9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(3x-9\right)\sqrt{3x-3}}{\sqrt{2x-4}+\sqrt{5-x}}=3x-9\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-9=0\Rightarrow x=3\\\dfrac{\sqrt{3x-3}}{\sqrt{2x-4}+\sqrt{5-x}}=1\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Xét (1):
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3x-3}=\sqrt{2x-4}+\sqrt{5-x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x-3=x+1+2\sqrt{\left(2x-4\right)\left(5-x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-2=\sqrt{\left(2x-4\right)\left(5-x\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\\left(x-2\right)^2=\left(2x-4\right)\left(5-x\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\ge2\\\left(x-2\right)\left(3x-12\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt có 3 nghiệm \(x=\left\{2;3;4\right\}\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow3x\left(2+\sqrt{\left(3x\right)^2+3}\right)=-\left(2x+1\right)\)\(\left(2+\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2+3}\right)\)
Nếu 3x = - (2x + 1)\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\frac{1}{5}\)thì các biểu thức trong căn của hai vế bằng nhau.Vậy \(x=-\frac{1}{5}\)là 1 nghiệm của phương trình.
Hơn nữa, nghiệm của pt nằm trong khoảng \(\left(\frac{-1}{2};0\right)\).Ta chứng minh đó là nghiệm duy nhất.
Với \(-\frac{1}{2}< x< -\frac{1}{5}:3x< -2x-1< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(3x\right)^2>\left(2x+1\right)^2\)\(\Rightarrow2+\sqrt{\left(3x\right)^2+3}>2+\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2+3}\)
Suy ra \(3x\left(2+\sqrt{\left(3x\right)^2+3}\right)+\left(2x+1\right)\)\(\left(2+\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2+3}\right)>0\)pt không có nghiệm nằm trong khoảng này.CMTT: ta cũng đi đến kết luận pt không có nghiệm khi \(-\frac{1}{2}< x< -\frac{1}{5}\)
Vậy nghiệm duy nhất của phương trình là \(\frac{-1}{5}\)
PT tương đương
\(\left(2x+1\right)\left(2+\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2+3}\right)=-3x\left(2+\sqrt{\left(-3x\right)^2+3}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow f\left(2x+1\right)=f\left(-3x\right)\)
Trong đó \(f\left(t\right)=t\left(2+\sqrt{t^2+3}\right)\)là hàm đồng biến và liên tục trong R. Phương trình trở thành
\(f\left(2x+1\right)=f\left(-3x\right)\Leftrightarrow2x+1=-3x\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-1}{5}\)là nghiệm duy nhất
Đặt \(2x^2-3x+1=t\Rightarrow2x^2-3x-9=t-10\)
Phương trình trở thành:
\(t\left(t-10\right)=-9\Leftrightarrow t^2-10t+9=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-3x+1=1\\2x^2-3x+1=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-3x=0\\2x^2-3x-8=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow...\) (bấm máy)