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1. \(\left(2x-1\right)^3+\left(x+2\right)^3=\left(3x+1\right)^3\)
\(\Rightarrow8x^3-12x^2+6x-1+x^3+6x^2+12x+8=27x^3+27x^2+9x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow-18x^3-33x^2+9x+6=0\)\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(-18x^2+3x+3\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2\right)\left(2x-1\right)\left(-9x-3\right)=0\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-2\\x=\frac{1}{2};x=-\frac{1}{3}\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(x=-2;x=\frac{1}{2};x=-\frac{1}{3}\)
2. \(\frac{x-1988}{15}+\frac{x-1969}{17}+\frac{x-1946}{19}+\frac{x-1919}{21}=10\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x-1988}{15}-1\right)+\left(\frac{x-1969}{17}-2\right)+\left(\frac{x-1946}{19}-3\right)+\left(\frac{x-1919}{21}-4\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x-2003}{15}+\frac{x-2003}{17}+\frac{x-2003}{19}+\frac{x-2003}{21}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x-2003=0\)do \(\frac{1}{15}+\frac{1}{17}+\frac{1}{19}+\frac{1}{21}\ne0\)
Vậy \(x=2003\)
3. Đặt \(\hept{\begin{cases}2009-x=a\\x-2010=b\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+ab+b^2}{a^2-ab+b^2}=\frac{19}{49}\Rightarrow49a^2+49ab+49b^2=19a^2-19ab+19b^2\)
\(\Rightarrow30a^2+68ab+30b^2=0\Rightarrow\left(5a+3b\right)\left(3a+5b\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}5a=-3b\\3a=-5b\end{cases}}\)
Với \(5a=-3b\Rightarrow5\left(2009-x\right)=-3\left(x-2010\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow-2x=-4015\Rightarrow x=\frac{4015}{2}\)
Với \(3a=-5b\Rightarrow3\left(2009-x\right)=-5\left(x-2010\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2x=4023\Rightarrow x=\frac{4023}{2}\)
Vậy \(x=\frac{4023}{2}\)hoặc \(x=\frac{4015}{2}\)
Đặt \(2009-x=t\Rightarrow x-2010=-\left(2009-x\right)-1=-t-1\)
Suy ra:
\(\frac{t^2+t\left(-t-1\right)+\left(-t-1\right)^2}{t^2-t\left(-t-1\right)+\left(-t-1\right)^2}=\frac{19}{49}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{t^2-t\left(t+1\right)+\left(t+1\right)^2}{t^2+t\left(t+1\right)+\left(t+1\right)^2}=\frac{19}{49}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{t^2-t^2-t+t^2+2t+1}{t^2+t^2+t+t^2+2t+1}=\frac{19}{49}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{t^2+t+1}{3t^2+3t+1}=\frac{19}{49}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow49t^2+49t+49=57t^2+57t+19\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8t^2+8t-30=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4t^2+4t-15=0\Leftrightarrow4t^2+4t+1=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2t+1\right)^2=16\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2t+1=-4\\2t+1=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2t=-5\\2t=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-\frac{5}{2}\\t=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2009-x=-\frac{5}{2}\\2009-x=\frac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{4023}{2}\\x=\frac{4015}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(S=\left\{\frac{4015}{2};\frac{4023}{2}\right\}\)
đặt 2009-x=a,x-2010=b
suy ra a^2+ab+b^2/a^2-ab+b^2=19/49
suy ra 49(a^2+ab+b^2)=19(a^2-ab+b^2)
49a^2+49ab+49b^2=19a^2-19ab+19b^2
30a^2+68ab+30b^2=0
30a^2+50ab+18ab+30b^2=0
10a(3a+5b)+6b(3a+5b)=0
(3a+5b)(10a+6b)=0
suy ra 3a+5b=0 hoặc 10a+6b=0
thế vào lại rồi tìm x
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\(S=\left\{\frac{4023}{2};\frac{4015}{2}\right\}\)
