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a) \(\sqrt{5x+3}=3x-7\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x+3=\left(3x-7\right)^2\\3x-7\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}5x+3=9x^2-42x+49\\x\ge\dfrac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}9x^2-47x+46=0\\x\ge\dfrac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{47+\sqrt{553}}{18}\\x=\dfrac{47-\sqrt{553}}{18}\end{matrix}\right.\\x\ge\dfrac{7}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{47+\sqrt{553}}{18}\).
b) \(\sqrt{3x^2-2x-1}=3x+1\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2-2x-1=\left(3x+1\right)^2\\3x+1\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}6x^2+8x+2=0\\x\ge\dfrac{-1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\\x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\\x\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\).
điều kiện \(x\ne-2\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{4x^2+7x-2}}{x+2}=\sqrt{2}\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{4x^2+7x-2}=\sqrt{2}\left(x+2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2+7x-2=2x^2+8x+8\Leftrightarrow2x^2-x-10=0\)
\(2x^2+4x-5x-10=0\Leftrightarrow2x\left(x+2\right)-5\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-5\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-5=0\\x+2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\left(tmđk\right)\\x=-2\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy \(x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
Đk: \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x< -2\\x\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\) (*)
Với đk trên, pt
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(x+2\right)\left(4x-1\right)}}{x+2}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{4x-1}{x+2}}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4x-1}{x+2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x-1=2x+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
So với đk (*): \(x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
Vậy tập nghiệm của pt là \(S=\left\{\dfrac{5}{2}\right\}\)
Đặt: \(\sqrt[3]{3x-1}=a;\sqrt[3]{4x-1}=b\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt[3]{12x^2-7x+1}=\sqrt[3]{\left(3x-1\right)\left(4x-1\right)}=ab\)
Phương trình có dạng :
\(2a^2+3b^2=5ab\Leftrightarrow2a^2-5ab+3b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2-2ab-3ab+3b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(2a-3b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}a=b\\2a=3b\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\sqrt[3]{3x-1}=\sqrt[3]{4x-1}\\2\sqrt[3]{3x-1}=3\sqrt[3]{4x-1}\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}3x-1=4x-1\\8\left(3x-1\right)=27\left(4x-1\right)\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=0\\x=\frac{19}{84}\end{cases}}}\)
\(1\))\(x^2+5x+8=3\sqrt{x^3+5x^2+7x+6}\left(1\right)\\ĐK:x\ge-\dfrac{3}{2} \\ \left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow x^2+5x+8=3\sqrt{\left(2x+3\right)\left(x^2+x+2\right)}\left(2\right)\)
Đặt \(b=\sqrt{2x+3};a=\sqrt{x^2+x+2}\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a-2b\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=b\\a=2b\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1\pm\sqrt{5}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{7\pm\sqrt{89}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
4)\(ĐK:x\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(x^2-7x+2+2\sqrt{3x+1}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-7x+6+2\sqrt{3x+1}-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-6\right)+\dfrac{12\left(x-1\right)}{2\sqrt{3x+1}+4}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-6+\dfrac{12}{2\sqrt{3x+1}+4}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x-6+\dfrac{12}{2\sqrt{3x+1}+4}=0\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)+\dfrac{6}{\sqrt{3x+1}+2}-1=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)+\dfrac{4-\sqrt{3x+1}}{\sqrt{3x+1}+2}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)-\dfrac{3\left(x-5\right)}{\left(\sqrt{3x+1}+2\right)\left(4+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-5\right)\left(1-\dfrac{3}{\left(\sqrt{3x+1}+2\right)\left(4+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=5\\\left(1-\dfrac{3}{\left(\sqrt{3x+1}+2\right)\left(4+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)}\right)=0\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{3x+1}+2\right)\left(4+\sqrt{3x+1}\right)=3\\ \Leftrightarrow3x+1+6\sqrt{3x+1}+8=3\\ \Leftrightarrow x+2\sqrt{3x+1}+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{3x+1}=-x-2\ge0\Leftrightarrow x\le-2\)
Vậy pt có 2 nghiệm là x=1 và x=5
Giải các phương trình và hệ phương trình:
a) x2 - \(2\sqrt{5}\)x + 5 = 0
Ta có: x2 - \(2\sqrt{5}\)x + 5 = 0 <=> ( x = \(\sqrt{5}\) )2 = 0 <=> x - \(\sqrt{5}\) = 0 <=> x = \(\sqrt{5}\)
Vậy phương trình đã cho có tập nghiệm S = ( \(\sqrt{5}\) )
c) \(\begin{cases}2x+5y=-1\\3x-2y=8\end{cases}\) <=> \(\begin{cases}6x+15y=-3\\6x-4y=16\end{cases}\) <=> \(\begin{cases}19y=-19\\3x-2y=8\end{cases}\) <=> \(\begin{cases}y=-1\\3x-2.\left(-1\right)=8\end{cases}\) <=> \(\begin{cases}y=-1\\x=2\end{cases}\)
Vậy hệ phương trình có 1 nghiệm duy nhất (x ; y) = (2 ; -1)
Câu a)
\(\sqrt{(x-3)(8-x)}+x^2-11x=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{11x-x^2-24}+x^2-11x=0(*)\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{11x-x^2-24}=a(a\geq 0)\Rightarrow x^2-11x=-(a^2+24)\)
Khi đó \((*)\Leftrightarrow a-(a^2+24)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-a+24=0\Leftrightarrow (a-\frac{1}{2})^2+\frac{95}{4}=0\) (vô lý)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm.
Câu b)
ĐKXĐ:.........
\(\sqrt{7x-13}-\sqrt{3x-9}=\sqrt{5x-27}\)
\(\Rightarrow (\sqrt{7x-13}-\sqrt{3x-9})^2=5x-27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 10x-22-2\sqrt{(7x-13)(3x-9)}=5x-27\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 5(x+1)=2\sqrt{(7x-13)(3x-9)}\)
\(\Rightarrow 25(x+1)^2=4(7x-13)(3x-9)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 25(x^2+2x+1)=84x^2-408x+468\)
\(\Leftrightarrow 59x^2-458x+443=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\frac{229\pm 8\sqrt{411}}{59}\) . Kết hợp với ĐKXĐ suy ra \(x=\frac{229+8\sqrt{411}}{59}\)
a: \(x^2-2x+\left|x-1\right|-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1+\left|x-1\right|-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\left|x-1\right|\right)^2+\left|x-1\right|-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\left|x-1\right|+2\right)\left(\left|x-1\right|-1\right)=0\)
=>|x-1|=1
=>x-1=1 hoặc x-1=-1
=>x=2 hoặc x=0
b: \(4x^2-4x-\left|2x-1\right|-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4x^2-4x+1-\left|2x-1\right|-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\left|2x-1\right|\right)^2-\left|2x-1\right|-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\left|2x-1\right|-2\right)\left(\left|2x-1\right|+1\right)=0\)
=>|2x-1|=2
=>2x-1=2 hoặc 2x-1=-2
=>x=3/2 hoặc x=-1/2
c: \(\left|2x-5\right|+\left|2x^2-7x+5\right|=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x-5=0\\\left(2x-5\right)\left(x-1\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{5}{2}\)
d: \(x^2-2x-5\left|x-1\right|-5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1-5\left|x-1\right|-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\left|x-1\right|\right)^2-5\left|x-1\right|-6=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\left|x-1\right|-6\right)\left(\left|x-1\right|+1\right)=0\)
=>|x-1|=6
=>x-1=6 hoặc x-1=-6
=>x=7 hoặc x=-5