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5/
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x-\frac{3}{x}}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{\frac{6}{x}-2x}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2=\frac{3}{x}\)
Pt trở thành:
\(a-1=\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}-b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-2a-2b+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2a+1\right)+\left(b^2-2b+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=1\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x-\frac{3}{x}}=1\\\sqrt{\frac{6}{x}-2x}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-x-3=0\\2x^2+x-6=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=\frac{3}{2}\)
4/
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{1}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{4x-3}{\sqrt{5x-1}+\sqrt{x+2}}=\frac{4x-3}{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x-3=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{3}{4}\\\sqrt{5x-1}+\sqrt{x+2}=5\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left(1\right)\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x-1}-3+\sqrt{x+2}-2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{5\left(x-2\right)}{\sqrt{5x-1}+3}+\frac{x-2}{\sqrt{x+2}+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(\frac{5}{\sqrt{5x-1}+3}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{x+2}+2}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\)
5.
ĐKXĐ: \(-\frac{1}{2}\le x\le\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{2}-x+\frac{1}{2}+x+2\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2}-x\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}+x\right)}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\frac{1}{2}-x\right)\left(\frac{1}{2}+x\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\frac{1}{2}\\x=-\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
6.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}=1+\sqrt{\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}=1+\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(x^3+x^2+x+1\right)}-\sqrt{x-1}-\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-1}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-1}=1\\\sqrt{x^3+x^2+x+1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\x^3+x^2+x=0\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
2.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+2\right)=5\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+1}=a\ge0\\\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)=5ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2-5ab+2b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-2b\right)\left(2a-b\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2a=b\\a=2b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2\sqrt{x+1}=\sqrt{x^2-x+1}\\\sqrt{x+1}=2\sqrt{x^2-x+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}4x+4=x^2-x+1\\x+1=4x^2-4x+4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-5x-3=0\\4x^2-5x+3=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow...\)
7.
ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow10\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}=3\left(x^2+2\right)\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{x+1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow10ab=3\left(a^2+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2-10ab+3b^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-3b\right)\left(3b-a\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=3b\\3a=b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=3\sqrt{x+1}\\3\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=\sqrt{x-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x+1=9x+9\\9x^2-9x+9=x-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-10x-8=0\\9x^2-10x+10=0\end{matrix}\right.\) (casio)
6.
ĐKXĐ: ...
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4=3\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)}\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2-x+1}=a>0\\\sqrt{x+1}=b\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2a^2+2b^2=3ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2-3ab+2b^2=0\)
Phương trình vô nghiệm (vế phải là \(5\sqrt{x^3+1}\) sẽ hợp lý hơn)
6.
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{5x^2+6x+5}=a\\4x=b\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a\left(a^2+1\right)=b\left(b^2+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^3-b^3+a-b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+b^2+ab+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x^2+6x+5}=4x\left(x\ge0\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2+6x+5=16x^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow11x^2-6x-5=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=1\)
4. Bạn coi lại đề (chính xác là pt này ko có nghiệm thực)
5.
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+x+6-\left(2x+1\right)\sqrt{x^2+x+6}+6x-6=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x^2+x+6}=t>0\)
\(t^2-\left(2x+1\right)t+6x-6=0\)
\(\Delta=\left(2x+1\right)^2-4\left(6x-6\right)=\left(2x-5\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\frac{2x+1+2x-5}{2}=2x-2\\t=\frac{2x+1-2x+5}{2}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x^2+x+6}=2x-2\left(x\ge1\right)\\\sqrt{x^2+x+6}=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+x+6=4x^2-8x+4\left(x\ge1\right)\\x^2+x+6=9\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 1
a) \(A=\left(4-\sqrt{15}\right)\left(\sqrt{10}+\sqrt{6}\right)\sqrt{4+\sqrt{15}}=\sqrt{\left(4-\sqrt{15}\right)\left(4-\sqrt{15}\right)\left(4+\sqrt{15}\right)}.\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\right).\sqrt{2}=\sqrt{\left(4-\sqrt{15}\right).\left(16-15\right).2}.\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\right)=\sqrt{8-2\sqrt{15}}\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\right)=\sqrt{5-2\sqrt{5}.\sqrt{3}+3}.\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\right)=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}.\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\right)=\left(\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\right)\left(\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{3}\right)=5-3=2\)
Ta có công thức tổng quát\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Vậy \(B=\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{15}+\sqrt{16}}=\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{16}-\sqrt{15}=\sqrt{16}-\sqrt{1}=4-1=3\)
b) \(6x^4-7x^2-3=0\Leftrightarrow6x^4-9x^2+2x^2-3=0\Leftrightarrow3x^2\left(2x^2-3\right)+\left(2x^2-3\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^2-3\right)\left(3x^2+1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x^2-3=0\\3x^2+1=0\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(2x^2-3=0\Leftrightarrow2x^2=3\Leftrightarrow x^2=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{\pm\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
Vậy S={\(\frac{-\sqrt{6}}{2};\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)}
c, ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{x-\sqrt{2x-1}}=\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-2\sqrt{2x-1}}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x-1-2\sqrt{2x-1}+1}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right)^2}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|\sqrt{2x-1}-1\right|=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x-1}-1=2\\\sqrt{2x-1}-1=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x-1}=3\\\sqrt{2x-1}=-1\left(vn\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sqrt{2x-1}=3\Leftrightarrow2x-1=9\Leftrightarrow x=5\left(tm\right)\)
a, ĐKXĐ: \(x\in R\)
\(\sqrt{3x^2}=x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3}\left|x\right|=x+2\)
TH1: \(\sqrt{3}x=x+2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)x=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\sqrt{3}+1\)
TH2: \(\sqrt{3}x=-x-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{3}+1\right)x=-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1-\sqrt{3}\)
Bài 6:
ĐK: $x\geq \frac{2}{3}$
Đặt $\sqrt{4x+1}=a; \sqrt{3x-2}=b(a,b\geq 0)$
PT trở thành:
$a-b=a^2-b^2$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)(a+b)-(a-b)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)(a+b-1)=0$
Nếu $a-b=0\Leftrightarrow 4x+1=3x-2\Leftrightarrow x=-3$ (loại vì không thỏa ĐKXĐ)
Nếu $a+b-1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow b=1-a$
$\Leftrightarrow \sqrt{3x-2}=1-\sqrt{4x+1}$
$\Rightarrow 3x-2=4x+2-2\sqrt{4x+1}$
$\Leftrightarrow x+4=2\sqrt{4x+1}$
$\Rightarrow (x+4)^2=4(4x+1)$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2-8x+12=0\Leftrightarrow x=6$ hoặc $x=2$
Vậy.......
Bài 5:
ĐK: $x\geq -2$
PT $\Leftrightarrow 3\sqrt{(x+2)(x^2-2x+4)}=2x^2-3x+10$
Đặt $\sqrt{x+2}=a; \sqrt{x^2-2x+4}=b(a,b\geq 0)$
Khi đó PT trở thành:
$3ab=2b^2+a^2$
$\Leftrightarrow a^2-3ab+2b^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow a(a-b)-2b(a-b)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a-b)(a-2b)=0$
Nếu $a-b=0\Rightarrow a^2-b^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x+2-(x^2-2x+4)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2=0\Rightarrow x=1$ hoặc $x=2$ (thỏa mãn)
Nếu $a-2b=0\Rightarrow 4b^2-a^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 4(x^2-2x+4)-(x+2)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow 4x^2-9x+14=0$ (pt vô nghiệm)
Vậy.........
Bài 2: So sánh
1) Ta có: \(\left(\sqrt{\frac{10}{17}}\right)^2=\frac{10}{17}\)
\(\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2=\frac{9}{16}\)
mà \(\frac{10}{17}>\frac{9}{16}\)
nên \(\left(\sqrt{\frac{10}{17}}\right)^2>\left(\frac{3}{4}\right)^2\)
hay \(\sqrt{\frac{10}{17}}>\frac{3}{4}\)
2) Ta có: \(\left(1+\sqrt{15}\right)^2=16+2\sqrt{15}\)
\(\left(\sqrt{24}\right)^2=24\)
Ta có: \(2\sqrt{15}=\sqrt{60}< \sqrt{64}=8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\sqrt{15}< 8\)
\(\Leftrightarrow16+2\sqrt{15}< 24\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(1+\sqrt{15}\right)^2< \left(\sqrt{24}\right)^2\)
hay \(1+\sqrt{15}< \sqrt{24}\)