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\(\sqrt{1+2005^2+\dfrac{2005^2}{2006^2}}=\dfrac{1}{2006}\sqrt{2006^2+2005^2+\left(2005.2006\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2006}\sqrt{\left(2006-2005\right)^2+2.2005.2006+\left(2005.2006\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2006}\sqrt{1+2.2005.2006+\left(2005.2006\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2006}\sqrt{\left(2005.2006+1\right)^2}=\dfrac{2005.2006+1}{2006}=2005+\dfrac{1}{2006}\)
Phương trình tương đương:
\(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}=2005+\dfrac{1}{2006}+\dfrac{2005}{2006}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-1\right|+\left|x-2\right|=2006\)
TH1: \(x\ge2\): \(x-1+x-2=2006\Rightarrow2x=2009\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{2009}{2}\)
TH2: \(x\le1\) : \(1-x+2-x=2006\Rightarrow-2x=2003\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{-2003}{2}\)
TH3: \(1< x< 2:\) \(x-1+2-x=2006\Rightarrow3=2006\) (vô nghiệm)
Vậy \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{2009}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-2003}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(x^2+\sqrt{2006+x}=2006\)(1)
ĐKXĐ \(x\ge-2006\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2006+x}=a\left(a\ge0\right)\)\(\Rightarrow2006=a^2-x\)
Khi đó,pt (1) trở thành
\(x^2+a=a^2-x\Rightarrow x^2-a^2+x+a=0\)
\(\left(x+a\right)\left(x-a+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x+a=0\\x-a+1=0\end{cases}}\)
Theo cách đặt ta có
\(\orbr{\begin{cases}x=-\sqrt{x+2006}\\x+1=\sqrt{x+2006}\end{cases}}\)
+, \(x=-\sqrt{x+2006}\left(x\le0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2=x+2006\)
+,\(x+1=\sqrt{x+2006}\left(x\ge-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+2x+1=x+2006\)
\(x-\sqrt{x^2-1}=\frac{x^2-\left(x^2-1\right)}{x+\sqrt{x^2-1}}=\frac{1}{x+\sqrt{x^2-1}}=t\)\(\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{x^2-1}=\frac{1}{t}\)
Ta có: \(\left(1+t\right)^{2015}+\left(1+\frac{1}{t}\right)^{2015}=2^{2016}\)(1)
Áp dụng Côsi ta có:
\(1+t\ge2\sqrt{t}\Rightarrow\left(1+t\right)^{2015}\ge2^{2015}.\sqrt{t^{2015}}\)
\(1+\frac{1}{t}\ge\frac{2}{\sqrt{t}}\Rightarrow\left(1+\frac{1}{t}\right)^{2015}\ge\frac{2^{2015}}{\sqrt{t^{2015}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(1+t\right)^{2015}+\left(1+\frac{1}{t}\right)^{2015}\ge2^{2015}\left(\sqrt{t^{2015}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{t^{2015}}}\right)\)
\(\ge2^{2015}.2\sqrt{\sqrt{t^{2015}}.\frac{1}{\sqrt{t^{2015}}}}=2^{2016}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi t = 1.
Do đó, từ (1) => \(t=\frac{1}{x+\sqrt{x^2-1}}=1\Rightarrow x+\sqrt{x^2-1}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow1-x=\sqrt{x^2-1}\Rightarrow\left(1-x\right)^2=x^2-1\Leftrightarrow2-2x=0\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy: \(x=1\text{ là nghiệm (nguyên) duy nhất của phương trình.}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+2006}=a\left(a\ge0\right)\)
=> \(2006=a^2-x\)
Có \(x^2+a=a^2-x\)
<=> \(x^2-a^2+a-x=0\)
<=>\(\left(x-a\right)\left(x+a\right)-\left(x-a\right)=0\)
<=>\(\left(x-a\right)\left(x+a-1\right)=0\)
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=x\\x+a=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x+2006}=x\\x+\sqrt{x+2006}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+2006=x^2\\\sqrt{x+2006}=1-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
<=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2-x-2006=0\\x+2006=1-2x+x^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải nốt
ĐK: \(x\ge-2006\)
Đặt: \(\sqrt{x+2006}=a\left(a\ge0\right)\)Thì ta có hệ pt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+a=2006\\a^2-x=2006\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+a=a^2-x\Leftrightarrow\left(x+a\right)\left(x-a+1\right)=0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+a=0\\x-a+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\)\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+\sqrt{x+2006}=0\\x+1=\sqrt{x+2006}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2=x+2006\left(-2006\le x\le0\right)\\x^2+2x+1=x+2006\left(x\ge-1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1+5\sqrt{321}}{2}\left(kotm\right)\\x=\dfrac{1-5\sqrt{321}}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\x=\dfrac{\sqrt{8021}-1}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy, pt có tập nghiệm là: S=\(\left\{\dfrac{1-5\sqrt{321}}{2};\dfrac{\sqrt{8021}-1}{2}\right\}\)