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ĐKXĐ: \(-\dfrac{1}{3}\le x\le4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+5=\sqrt{3x+1}+2\sqrt{4-x}\)
Ta có:
\(VP=1.\sqrt{3x+1}+2.\sqrt{4-x}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+3x+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(4+4-x\right)=x+5\)
\(\Rightarrow VP\le VT\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{3x+1}=1\\\sqrt{4-x}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=0\)
Câu 4:
Giả sử điều cần chứng minh là đúng
\(\Rightarrow x=y\), thay vào điều kiện ở đề bài, ta được:
\(\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}=\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy điều cần chứng minh là đúng
2) \(\sqrt{x^2-5x+4}+2\sqrt{x+5}=2\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-5}\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)}-2\sqrt{x-4}+2\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{x-4}.\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{x+5}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left(\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}=0\\\sqrt{x-1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}=\sqrt{x+5}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\in\varnothing\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ x = 5
Vậy S = {5}
\(a,PT\Leftrightarrow x^2-3x+2+x^2-x\sqrt{3x-2}=0\left(x\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3x+2\right)+\dfrac{x\left(x^2-3x+2\right)}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-3x+2\right)\left(1+\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(1+\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}\right)=0\)
Vì \(x\ge\dfrac{2}{3}>0\Leftrightarrow1+\dfrac{x}{x+\sqrt{3x-2}}>0\)
Do đó \(x\in\left\{1;2\right\}\)
\(b,ĐK:0\le x\le4\\ PT\Leftrightarrow x+2\sqrt{x}+1=6\sqrt{x}-3-\sqrt{4-x}\\ \Leftrightarrow x-4\sqrt{x}+4=-\sqrt{4-x}\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-2\right)^2=-\sqrt{4-x}\)
Vì \(VT\ge0\ge VP\Leftrightarrow VT=VP=0\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x}-2=0\\\sqrt{4-x}=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=4\left(tm\right)\)
Vậy PT có nghiệm \(x=4\)
Lời giải:
Đặt $\sqrt[3]{x^2+3x-5}=a; \sqrt[3]{x+2}=b$. Khi đó pt đã cho tương đương với:
$a+b=\sqrt[3]{a^3+b^3-1}+1$
$\Leftrightarrow a+b-1=\sqrt[3]{a^3+b^3-1}$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b-1)^3=a^3+b^3-1$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)^3-3(a+b)^2+3(a+b)-1=a^3+b^3-1$
$\Leftrightarrow 3ab(a+b)-3(a+b)^2+3(a+b)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow ab(a+b)-(a+b)^2+(a+b)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(ab-a-b+1)=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (a+b)(a-1)(b-1)=0$
Nếu $a+b=0\Leftrightarrow \sqrt[3]{x^2+3x-5}=-\sqrt[3]{x+2}$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-5=-(x+2)$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+4x-3=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-2\pm \sqrt{7}$
Nếu $a-1=0\Leftrightarrow \sqrt[3]{x^2+3x-5}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-6=0$
$\Leftrightarrow x=\frac{-3\pm \sqrt{33}}{2}$
Nếu $b-1=0\Leftrightarrow \sqrt[3]{x+2}=1$
$\Leftrightarrow x=-1$
\(\sqrt{4+20x}=3x+2\left(x\ge-\dfrac{1}{5}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow4+20x=9x^2+12x+4\\ \Leftrightarrow9x^2-8x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(9x-8\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\left(N\right)\\x=\dfrac{8}{9}\left(N\right)\end{matrix}\right.\\ \sqrt{2x+5}=x+1\left(x\ge-\dfrac{5}{2}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow2x+5=x^2+2x+1\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=2\left(N\right)\\x=-2\left(N\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\sqrt{4+20x}=3x+2\\ \Leftrightarrow4+20x=\left(3x+2\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow4+20x=9x^2+12x+4\\ \Leftrightarrow-4-20x+9x^2+12x+4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9x^2-8x=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x\left(9x-8\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x=0hoặcx=\dfrac{8}{9}\)
\(\sqrt{2x+5}=x+1\\ \Leftrightarrow2x+5=\left(x+1\right)^2\\ \Leftrightarrow2x+5=x^2+2x+1\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+1-2x-5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2=4\\ \Leftrightarrow x=\pm2\)
\(PT\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{3x+1}=\sqrt{x+4}+1\\ \Leftrightarrow3x+1=x+5+2\sqrt{x+4}\\ \Leftrightarrow2x-4=2\sqrt{x+4}\\ \Leftrightarrow x-2=\sqrt{x+4}\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+4=x+4\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2-5x=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thử lại ta thấy x=0 ko thỏa mãn
Vậy PT có nghiệm x=5
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
\(\sqrt{3x+1}=1+\sqrt{x+4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x+1=1+x+4+2\sqrt{x+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+2-\sqrt{x+2}-4=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+2}=t\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2-t-4=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{17}}{2}\\t=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{17}}{2}< 0\left(loại\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+2}=\dfrac{1+\sqrt{17}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{5+\sqrt{17}}{2}\)