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`đk:x ne 2,y ne 1/2`
ĐẶt `a=1/(x-2),b=1/(2y-1)`
`hpt<=>` $\begin{cases}a+5b=3\\3a-b=1\\\end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}3a+15b=9\\3a-b=1\\\end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}16b=8\\a=3-5b\\\end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}b=\dfrac12\\a=\dfrac12\\\end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}x-2=2\\2y-1=2\\\end{cases}$
`<=>` $\begin{cases}x=4\\y=\dfrac32\\\end{cases}$
Đk: \(x\ne2;y\ne\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Đặt \(a=\dfrac{1}{x-2},b=\dfrac{1}{2y-1}\) (a,b khác 0)
Có hệ: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=3\\3a-b=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+5b=3\\15a-5b=5\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}16a=8\\3a-b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{2}\\b=3a-1=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)(tm)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x-2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\\\dfrac{1}{2y-1}=\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)(tm)
\(ĐK:x\ne\pm1\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{x-1}+\dfrac{5}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\left(x+1\right)+5}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x+1\right)+5=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+2+5=x^2-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-4\right)\left(x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\\x=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) (tm)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{y-1}=a\), hpt tở thành
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{5}{x+1}+a=10\\\dfrac{1}{x-2}+3a=18\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{15}{x+1}+3a=30\left(1\right)\\\dfrac{1}{x-1}+3a=18\left(2\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lấy \(\left(1\right)-\left(2\right)\), ta được:
\(\dfrac{15}{x+1}-\dfrac{1}{x-1}=12\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{15x-15-x-1}{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=12\\ \Leftrightarrow12x^2-12=14x-16\\ \Leftrightarrow12x^2-14x+4=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(3x-2\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{2}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Với \(x=\dfrac{1}{2}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{10}{3}+\dfrac{1}{y-1}=10\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{10y-7}{3\left(y-1\right)}=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow30y-30=10y-7\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{23}{20}\)
Với \(x=\dfrac{2}{3}\Leftrightarrow3+\dfrac{1}{y-1}=10\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{y-1}=7\Leftrightarrow7y-7=1\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{8}{7}\)
Vậy \(\left(x;y\right)=\left\{\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{23}{20}\right);\left(\dfrac{2}{3};\dfrac{8}{7}\right)\right\}\)
ĐKXĐ : \(x\notin\left\{0;-1;-2;-3;-4\right\}\)
Ta có \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}+\dfrac{1}{x+3}+\dfrac{1}{x+4}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x+4}{x.\left(x+4\right)}+\dfrac{2x+4}{\left(x+1\right).\left(x+3\right)}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x+4}{\left(x+2\right)^2-4}+\dfrac{2x+4}{\left(x+2\right)^2-1}+\dfrac{1}{x+2}=0\) (*)
Đặt x + 2 = a \(\left(a\ne0\right)\)
(*) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a}{a^2-4}+\dfrac{2a}{a^2-1}+\dfrac{1}{a}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{a-\dfrac{4}{a}}+\dfrac{2}{a-\dfrac{1}{a}}+\dfrac{1}{a}=0\) (**)
Đặt \(\dfrac{1}{a}=b\left(b\ne0\right)\) \(\Rightarrow ab=1\)
Ta được (**) \(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{a-4b}+\dfrac{2}{a-b}+b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2b}{1-4b^2}+\dfrac{2b}{1-b^2}+b=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{1-4b^2}+\dfrac{2}{1-b^2}=-1\)
\(\Rightarrow4-10b^2=-4b^4+5b^2-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4b^4-15b^2+5=0\) (***)
Đặt b2 = t > 0
Ta có (***) <=> \(4t^2-15t+5=0\Leftrightarrow t=\dfrac{15\pm\sqrt{145}}{8}\) (tm)
\(\Leftrightarrow b=\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{15\pm\sqrt{145}}{8}}\)
mà x + 2 = a ; ab = 1
nên \(x=\pm\sqrt{\dfrac{8}{15\pm\sqrt{145}}}-2\)
Thử lại ta có phương trình có 4 nghiệm như trên
a) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2x}{x+1}+\dfrac{y}{y+1}=2\\\dfrac{x}{x+1}+\dfrac{3y}{y+1}=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)(Đk: \(x\ne-1;y\ne-1\))
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{x+1}\) là A
\(\dfrac{y}{y+1}\) là B
Ta có HPT mới : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2A+B=2\\A+3B=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)(1)
Giải HPT (1) ta được A= \(\dfrac{7}{5}\) ; B=\(-\dfrac{4}{5}\)
+Với A=\(\dfrac{7}{5}\) ta có:
\(\dfrac{x}{x+1}=\dfrac{7}{5}\)
<=>\(5x=7x+7\)
<=>-2x=7
<=> x=\(-\dfrac{7}{2}\)
+Với B = \(-\dfrac{4}{5}\) ta có:
\(\dfrac{y}{y+1}=-\dfrac{4}{5}\)
<=>5y=-4y-4
<=>9y=-4
<=>y=\(-\dfrac{4}{9}\)
Vậy HPT có nghiệm (x;y) = \(\left\{-\dfrac{7}{2};-\dfrac{4}{9}\right\}\)
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne1\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}=t\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2-6t+5=0\Leftrightarrow\left(t-1\right)\left(t-5\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}=1\\\dfrac{x+1}{x-1}=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=x-1\left(vô-nghiệm\right)\\x+1=5x-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Bài 1:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2}{x}=1\\\dfrac{1}{x}-\dfrac{1}{y}=\dfrac{1}{5}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\\y=\dfrac{10}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 2:
Theo đề, ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-3b=4\\-a-2b=4\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a-3b=4\\-2a-4b=8\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}b=-\dfrac{12}{7}\\a=-\dfrac{4}{7}\end{matrix}\right.\)
đk : x khác -1 ; 1
\(1+5x-5-x-1=x^2-1\Leftrightarrow x^2-4x+4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2=0\Leftrightarrow x=2\)(tm)