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a) \(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{4x-4}-\sqrt{25x-25}+2=0\) (ĐK: \(x\ge1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{4\left(x-1\right)}-\sqrt{25\left(x-1\right)}+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{x-1}-5\sqrt{x-1}+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{x-1}=-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=\dfrac{2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\)
b) \(\sqrt{16x+16}-\sqrt{9x+9}+\sqrt{4x+4}+\sqrt{x+1}=16\) (ĐK: \(x\ge-1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{16\left(x+1\right)}-\sqrt{9\left(x+1\right)}+\sqrt{4\left(x+1\right)}+\sqrt{x+1}=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x+1}-3\sqrt{x+1}+2\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+1}=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x+1}=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=15\left(tm\right)\)
\(\left(\sqrt{3x+4}-\sqrt{3x+2}\right)\left(\sqrt{9x^2+18x+8}+1\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{3x+4}-\sqrt{3x+2}\right)\left(\sqrt{\left(3x+4\right)\left(3x+2\right)}+1\right)=2\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{3x+4}=a\\\sqrt{3x+2}=b\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\left(a,b\ge0\right)\), ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^2-b^2=2\left(1\right)\\\left(a-b\right)\left(ab+1\right)=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-b^2=\left(a-b\right)\left(ab+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)-\left(a-b\right)\left(ab+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b-ab-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(b-1\right)\left(1-a\right)=0\)
* Trường hợp 1: \(a-b=0\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3x+4}=\sqrt{3x+2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow0x=\sqrt{2}-2\)
=> Pt vô no
* Trường hợp 2: \(b-1=0\Leftrightarrow b=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3x+2}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-\dfrac{1}{3}\left(n\right)\)
* Trường hợp 3: \(a-1=0\Leftrightarrow a=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3x+4}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x=-1\left(l\right)\)
Vậy x = \(-\dfrac{1}{3}\)
c) \(\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2}=10\)
\(x-2=10\)
\(x=12\)
d) \(\sqrt{9x^2-6x+1}=15\)
\(\sqrt{\left(3x\right)^2-2.3x.1+1^2}=15\)
\(\sqrt{\left(3x-1\right)^2}=15\)
\(3x-1=15\)
\(3x=16\)
\(x=\dfrac{16}{3}\)
a) \(đk:x\ge0\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{2x}+4\sqrt{2x}-3\sqrt{2x}=12\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{2x}=12\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x}=3\Leftrightarrow2x=9\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{9}{2}\left(tm\right)\)
b) \(đk:x\ge-2\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x+2}+12\sqrt{x+2}-2\sqrt{x+2}=26\)
\(\Leftrightarrow13\sqrt{x+2}=26\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+2}=2\Leftrightarrow x+2=4\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\)
c) \(pt\Leftrightarrow\left|x-2\right|=10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=10\\x-2=-10\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=12\\x=-8\end{matrix}\right.\)
d) \(pt\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(3x-1\right)^2}=15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|3x-1\right|=15\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}3x-1=15\\3x-1=-15\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{16}{3}\\x=-\dfrac{14}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
e) \(đk:x\ge\dfrac{8}{3}\)
\(pt\Leftrightarrow3x+4=9x^2-48x+64\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9x^2-51x+60=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x-4\right)\left(5x-3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=4\left(tm\right)\\x=\dfrac{5}{3}\left(ktm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(\sqrt{3x^2-18x+28}+\sqrt{4x^2-24x+45}=-x^2+6x-5\) (ĐKXĐ : \(1\le x\le5\) )\
Ta có : \(\sqrt{3x^2-18x+28}+\sqrt{4x^2-24x+45}=\sqrt{3\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+1}+\sqrt{4\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+9}=\sqrt{3\left(x-3\right)^2+1}+\sqrt{4\left(x-3\right)^2+9}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{3x^2-18x+28}+\sqrt{4x^2-24x+45}\ge1+3=4\)
Lại có : \(-x^2+6x-5=-\left(x^2-6x+9\right)+4=-\left(x-3\right)^2+4\le4\)
Do đó, phương trình tương đương với : \(\begin{cases}1\le x\le5\\\sqrt{3x^2-18x+28}+\sqrt{4x^2-24x+45}=4\\-x^2+6x-5=4\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow x=3\left(TM\right)\)
Vậy nghiệm của phương trình là x = 3
b) \(\sqrt{x^2-4x+5}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+8}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+9}=3+\sqrt{5}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2+1}+\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2+4}+\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2+5}=3+\sqrt{5}\)
Mặt khác, ta có : \(\begin{cases}\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2+1}\ge1\\\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2+4}\ge2\\\sqrt{\left(x-2\right)^2+5}\ge\sqrt{5}\end{cases}\)\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x^2-4x+5}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+8}+\sqrt{x^2-4x+9}\ge3+\sqrt{5}\)
Dấu đẳng thức xảy ra <=> x = 2.
Vậy nghiệm của phương trình : x = 2
9) Sửa: \(2\sqrt{8\sqrt{3}}-2\sqrt{5\text{ }\sqrt{3}}-3\sqrt{20\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=2\sqrt{2^2\cdot2\sqrt{3}}-2\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}}-3\sqrt{2^2\cdot5\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=2\cdot2\sqrt{2\sqrt{3}}-2\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}}-3\cdot2\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=4\sqrt{2\sqrt{3}}-2\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}}-6\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}}\)
\(=4\sqrt{2\sqrt{3}}-8\sqrt{5\sqrt{3}}\)
10) \(\sqrt{12x}-\sqrt{48x}-3\sqrt{3x}+27\)
\(=\sqrt{2^2\cdot3x}-\sqrt{4^2\cdot3x}-3\sqrt{3x}+27\)
\(=2\sqrt{3x}-4\sqrt{3x}-3\sqrt{3x}+27\)
\(=-5\sqrt{3x}++27\)
11) \(\sqrt{18x}-5\sqrt{8x}+7\sqrt{18x}+28\)
\(=\sqrt{3^2\cdot2x}-5\sqrt{2^2\cdot2x}+7\sqrt{3^2\cdot2x}+28\)
\(=3\sqrt{2x}-5\cdot2\sqrt{2x}+7\cdot3\sqrt{2x}+28\)
\(=3\sqrt{2x}-10\sqrt{2x}+21\sqrt{2x}+28\)
\(=14\sqrt{2x}+28\)
12) \(\sqrt{45a}-\sqrt{20a}+4\sqrt{45a}+\sqrt{a}\)
\(=\sqrt{3^2\cdot5a}-\sqrt{2^2\cdot5a}+4\sqrt{3^2\cdot5a}+\sqrt{a}\)
\(=3\sqrt{5a}-2\sqrt{5a}+4\cdot3\sqrt{5a}+\sqrt{a}\)
\(=3\sqrt{5a}-2\sqrt{5a}+12\sqrt{5a}+\sqrt{a}\)
\(=13\sqrt{5a}+\sqrt{a}\)
\(a,ĐK:x\ge1\\ PT\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{x-1}-5\sqrt{x-1}=-2\\ \Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{x-1}=-2\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=1\\ \Leftrightarrow x-1=1\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\\ b,ĐK:x\ge0\\ PT\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{2x}-2\sqrt{2x}+3\sqrt{2x}=12\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{4}{3}\sqrt{2x}=12\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x}=9\\ \Leftrightarrow2x=81\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{81}{2}\left(tm\right)\)