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ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-1\)
\(x^2-1+\sqrt{x+1}=0\Rightarrow\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)+\sqrt{x+1}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+1-2\right)\left(x+1\right)+\sqrt{x+1}=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+1}=t\ge0\Rightarrow x+1=t^2\) ta được:
\(\left(t^2-2\right)t^2+t=0\Rightarrow t\left(\left(t^2-2\right)t+1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow t\left(t^3-2t+1\right)=0\Rightarrow t\left(t-1\right)\left(t^2+t-1\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t-1=0\\t^2+t-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=0\\t=1\\t=\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\\t=\dfrac{-1-\sqrt{5}}{2}< 0\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
TH1: \(t=0\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+1}=0\Rightarrow x=-1\)
TH2: \(t=1\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+1}=1\Rightarrow x+1=1\Rightarrow x=0\)
TH3: \(t=\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\Rightarrow\sqrt{x+1}=\dfrac{-1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\Rightarrow x+1=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{5}}{2}-1=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
Vậy pt có 3 nghiệm \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1\\x=0\\x=\dfrac{1-\sqrt{5}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
Đặt \(\sqrt{x+1}=a\Rightarrow 1=a^2-x\)
PT trở thành: \(x^2+a=a^2-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-a^2+(a+x)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow (x+a)(x-a+1)=0\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=-a\\ x+1=a\end{matrix}\right.\)
Nếu \(x=-a=-\sqrt{x+1}\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x\leq 0\\ x^2=x+1\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow x=\frac{1+\sqrt{5}}{2}\)
Nếu \(x+1=a=\sqrt{x+1}\Rightarrow (x+1)^2=(x+1)\Rightarrow x(x+1)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=0\\ x=-1\end{matrix}\right.\) (đều thỏa mãn)
Vậy.........
a/ Đặt \(\left|x\right|=t\ge0\Rightarrow t^2-t-2=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-1\left(l\right)\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x\right|=2\Rightarrow x=\pm2\)
b/ \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2+\left|x+1\right|-6=0\)
Đặt \(\left|x+1\right|=t\ge0\Rightarrow t^2+t-6=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-3\left(l\right)\\t=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x+1\right|=2\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=2\\x+1=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\x=-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
c/ \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2-5\left|x+1\right|+4=0\)
Đặt \(\left|x+1\right|=t\ge0\Rightarrow t^2-5t+4=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left|x+1\right|=1\\\left|x+1\right|=4\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x+1=1\\x+1=-1\\x+1=4\\x+1=-4\end{matrix}\right.\)
d. \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+5\left|x-1\right|+4=0\)
Đặt \(\left|x+1\right|=t\ge0\Rightarrow t^2+5t+4=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=-1\left(l\right)\\t=-4\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm
e. \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\right)^2+2\left|x-2\right|-3=0\)
Đặt \(\left|x-2\right|=t\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2+2t-3=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=1\\t=-3\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|x-2\right|=1\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=1\\x-2=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
f. \(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-5\right)^2+4\left|2x-5\right|-12=0\)
Đặt \(\left|2x-5\right|=t\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow t^2+4t-12=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t=2\\t=-6\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left|2x-5\right|=2\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x-5=2\\2x-5=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) \(3\sqrt{x^2+3x}=\left(x+5\right)\left(2-x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x^2+3x}=-x^2-3x+10\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+3x\right)+3\sqrt{x^2+3x}-10=0\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^2+3x}\left(t\ge0\right)\left(1\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\Rightarrow t^2+3t-10=0\)
\(\Rightarrow t_1=2\left(TM\right);t_2=-5\left(KTM\right)\)
thay \(t=2\) vào (1), ta có :
\(\sqrt{x^2+3x}=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x=4\Leftrightarrow x^2+3x-4=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x_1=1;x_2=-4\)
vậy phương trình có 3 nghiệm x1 = 1, x2 = -4
b) \(\sqrt{5x^2+10x+1}=7-x^2-2x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x^2+10x+1}=\left(5x^2+10x+1\right)-6x^2+12x-6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{5x^2+10x+1}=\left(5x^2+10x+1\right)-6\left(x-1\right)^2\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{5x^2+10x+1}\) (t lớn hơn hoặc bằng 0) (1)
ta có :...............
mk chỉ bt làm đến đấy thôi, hình như đây là ôn hsg toán 10 à
a/ - Với \(x>\frac{1}{4}\) PT vô nghiêm
- Với \(x\le\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-1\right)^2=\left(1-4x\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+4x-2\right)\left(x^2-4x\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x^2+4x-2=0\\x^2-4x=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-2+\sqrt{6}\left(l\right)\\x=-2-\sqrt{6}\\x=4\left(l\right)\\x=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
2.
- Với \(x\ge-\frac{1}{4}\Leftrightarrow4x+1=x^2+2x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x-5=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1+\sqrt{6}\\x=1-\sqrt{6}\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Với \(x< -\frac{1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-4x-1=x^2+2x-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+6x-3=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-3+2\sqrt{3}\left(l\right)\\x=-3-2\sqrt{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
3.
- Với \(x\ge\frac{5}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x-5=2x^2+x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-2x+2=0\left(vn\right)\)
- Với \(x< \frac{5}{3}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow5-3x=2x^2+x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+4x-8=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=-1+\sqrt{5}\\x=-1-\sqrt{5}\end{matrix}\right.\)
4. Do hai vế của pt đều không âm, bình phương 2 vế:
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+8\right)^2=\left(x^2-1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2-2x+8\right)^2-\left(x^2-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^2-2x+7\right)\left(-2x+9\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2x+9=0\Rightarrow x=\frac{9}{2}\)
Bài 4:
$3x^4+10x^3-3x^2-10x+3=0$
Ta đi phân tích $3x^4+10x^3-3x^2-10x+3$ thành nhân tử
Đặt $3x^4+10x^3-3x^2-10x+3=(x^2+ax+b)(3x^2+cx+d)$ với $a,b,c,d$ là các số nguyên
$\Leftrightarrow 3x^4+10x^3-3x^2-10x+3=3x^4+x^3(c+3a)+x^2(d+ac+3b)+x(ad+bc)+bd$
Đồng nhất hệ số:
\(\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} c+3a=10\\ d+ac+3b=-3\\ ad+bc=-10\\ bd=3\end{matrix}\right.\). Từ $bd=3$. Giả sử $b=-1$
$\Rightarrow d=-3$. Thay vào hệ có được $ac=3; c+3a=10\Rightarrow a=3; c=1$
Vậy $3x^4+10x^3-3x^2-10x+3=(x^2+3x-1)(3x^2+x-3)$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2+3x-1)(3x^2+x-3)=0$
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x^2+3x-1=0\\ 3x^2+x-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=\frac{-3\pm \sqrt{13}}{2}\\ x=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{37}}{6}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bài 3:
$x^4+4x^3+x^2-4x+1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^4+4x^3+4x^2)-3x^2-4x+1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2+2x)^2-2(x^2+2x)-x^2+1=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2+2x)^2-2(x^2+2x)+1-x^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2+2x-1)^2-x^2=0$
$\Leftrightarrow (x^2+x-1)(x^2+3x-1)=0$
\(\Rightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x^2+x-1=0\\ x^2+3x-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left[\begin{matrix} x=\frac{-1\pm \sqrt{5}}{2}\\ x=\frac{-3\pm \sqrt{!3}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy.......
b: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+3x+2\right)\left(x^2+3x-18\right)=-36\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+3x\right)^2-16\left(x^2+3x\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+3x\right)\left(x^2+3x-16\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{0;-3;\dfrac{-3+\sqrt{73}}{2};\dfrac{-3-\sqrt{73}}{2}\right\}\)
c: \(\Leftrightarrow6x^4-18x^3-17x^3+51x^2+11x^2-33x-2x+6=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(6x^3-17x^2+11x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(6x^3-12x^2-5x^2+10x+x-2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(6x^2-5x+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(3x-1\right)\left(2x-1\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{3;2;\dfrac{1}{3};\dfrac{1}{2}\right\}\)
d: \(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\cdot\left(x^2+3x+1\right)=0\)
hay \(x\in\left\{1;\dfrac{-3+\sqrt{5}}{2};\dfrac{-3-\sqrt{5}}{2}\right\}\)
Đặt x3 = a
pt <=> 3a2 - 10a + 3 = 0
<=> (a - \(\dfrac{1}{3}\))(a - 3) = 0
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}a=\dfrac{1}{3}\\a=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{3}}\\x=\sqrt[3]{3}\end{matrix}\right.\)