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Ta có:
\(\frac{1-\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}{1+\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(1-\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)^2}{\left(1+\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\frac{2n+2-2\sqrt{n}+2\sqrt{n+1}-2\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}}{2\left(1+\sqrt{n+1}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left[2n+2-2\sqrt{n}+2\sqrt{n+1}-2\sqrt{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]\left(1-\sqrt{n+1}\right)}{2\left(1+\sqrt{n+1}\right)\left(1-\sqrt{n+1}\right)}=\frac{-2n\sqrt{n+1}+2n\sqrt{n}}{-2n}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Suy ra:
\(Q=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{2017}-\sqrt{2016}=\sqrt{2017}-\sqrt{2}< \sqrt{2017}-1=R\)
Vậy Q < R.
Với mọi \(n\in N.\)ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}+n\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{\left(n+1\right)^2n-n^2\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}-n\sqrt{n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}.\)Do đó
\(P=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2016}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}.=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}=\frac{\sqrt{2017}-1}{\sqrt{2017}}.\)
\(Tongquat:\)
\(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n}+\frac{2}{n}-\frac{2}{n+1}-\frac{2}{n\left(n+1\right)}+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^2-2\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+1}}=\sqrt{\left(1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)^2}\)
\(=|1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}|=1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\)
Thay vào ta có:
\(P=1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+.........-\frac{1}{2017}\)
\(P=2015+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2017}=2015+\frac{2015}{4034}\)
Ta có:
\(x=\frac{1}{2}.\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{\sqrt{2}+1}}=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\left(x+1\right)=\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2}.\frac{\sqrt{2}+1}{2}=\frac{1}{4}\)
Thế vô bài toán ta được
\(A=\left(4x^5+4x^4-5x^3+5x-2\right)^{2016}+2017\)
\(=\left(4x^4\left(x+1\right)-5x^3+5x-2\right)^{2016}+2017\)
\(=\left(-4x^3+5x-2\right)^{2016}+2017\)
\(=\left(\left(-4x^3-4x^2\right)+\left(4x^2+4x\right)+x-2\right)^{2016}+2017\)
\(=\left(-x+1+x-2\right)^{2016}+2017\)
\(=\left(-1\right)^{2016}+2017=2018\)
\(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2016}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}=1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2007}}=\frac{\sqrt{2007}-1}{\sqrt{2007}}\)