Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
1.if there was a phone
2.if i had many friends
3.if there was a fridge in the kitchen
4.if i smoked
5.if the flat had central heating
6.if i sometimes had a party
7.if i could move...
8.if i often got home...
9.if there was a TV...
10.if i was a student
11.if she could speak english
12.if i was working...
13.if i was interested in acting
* Cấu trúc : S + asked to + If/whether + O + V (lùi thì) + O
31. “ Is there a phone?”
=>I asked he if there was a phone
32. “Do you have many friends?”
=>She asked me if I had many friend
33. “Is there a fridge in the kitchen?”
=> I asked her there was a a fridge in the kitchen
34. “Do you smoke?”
=>She asked me If I smoked
35. “Does the flat have central heating?”
=>I asked her if the flat had central heating
36. “Do you sometimes have a party?”
=>She asked me if I sometimes had a party ?
37. “Can I move the furniture around?”
=>I asked her If I could move the furniture around
38. “Do you often get home after 10.30 PM?
=>She asked me if I often got home after 10:30pm
39. “Is there a TV in the bed room?”
=>I asked her If ther was a TV in the bed room
( Những câu còn lại bạn áp dụng cấu trúc để làm nhé! )
- Chúc bạn có khoảng thời gian học tập vui vẻ và hiệu quả cùng trang web OLM.VN :)
III- Choose from the four options given (marked A,B,C or D) one best answer to complete each of the following sentences. Identify your answer by writing the corresponding word or phrase on your answer paper.
11. David’s school ………….. is very bad this term.
A. report B. period C. day D. semester
12. People go to a …………….. to look at the famous works of art.
A. stadium B. gallery C. theater D. fair
13. I’d like to go ……………. very much.
A. camp B. to camp C. a camp D. camping
14. Hoa is reading short stories …………. Jack London.
A. of B. from C. by D. with
15. John ………….. Susan to go out with him but her parents didn’t let her out.
A. insisted B. suggested C. invited D. helped
16. This book is ……………. that I try to read it from beginning to end at one time.
A. so interesting B. so interested C. such interesting D. too interesting
17. “Let it be” is a famous song ……………. . It is one of the best works by this band.
A. singing by the Beatles B. was sung by the Beatles
C. sung by the Beatles D. sang by the Beatles
18. He ………… the train ticket at home.
A. took B. put C. brought D. left
19. She was ………….. of watching television.
A. interested B. tired C. tiring D. pleased
20. My mother ………….. me that I should wake up earlier.
A. told to B. said C. was told D. said to
21. Our teacher asked us ……………. in class.
A. not to talk B. to not talk C. no talk D. without talking
22. Peter broke his leg when he fell ………….. his bike.
A. in B. on C. off D. of
23. You should …………… your lesson before the examination.
A. read B. look C. revise D. study
24. Hung is …………… do the crossword puzzles.
A. intelligent enough to B. intelligent enough
C. enough intelligent D. enough intelligent to
25. Her math result is …………….. than her English result.
A. bad B. bader C. worse D. well
26. His father is very proud ……………… him.
A. of B. with C. on D. about
27. Yesterday I came …………. your brother when I was going to school.
A. of B. to C. about D. across
28. Students should work …………. to make their parents happy.
A. hard B. hardly C. in hard way D. more hardly
29. Keep all dangerous things out of children’s …………. .
A. hands B. place C. reach D. head
30. When I was young, I used ……………. on a farm.
A. to live B. live C. to living D. living
III- Choose from the four options given (marked A,B,C or D) one best answer to complete each of the following sentences. Identify your answer by writing the corresponding word or phrase on your answer paper.
11. David’s school ………….. is very bad this term.
A. report B. period C. day D. semester
12. People go to a …………….. to look at the famous works of art.
A. stadium B. gallery C. theater D. fair
13. I’d like to go ……………. very much.
A. camp B. to camp C. a camp D. camping
14. Hoa is reading short stories …………. Jack London.
A. of B. from C. by D. with
15. John ………….. Susan to go out with him but her parents didn’t let her out.
A. insisted B. suggested C. invited D. helped
16. This book is ……………. that I try to read it from beginning to end at one time.
A. so interesting B. so interested C. such interesting D. too interesting
17. “Let it be” is a famous song ……………. . It is one of the best works by this band.
A. singing by the Beatles B. was sung by the Beatles
C. sung by the Beatles D. sang by the Beatles
18. He ………… the train ticket at home.
A. took B. put C. brought D. left
19. She was ………….. of watching television.
A. interested B. tired C. tiring D. pleased
20. My mother ………….. me that I should wake up earlier.
A. told to B. said C. was told D. said to
21. Our teacher asked us ……………. in class.
A. not to talk B. to not talk C. no talk D. without talking
22. Peter broke his leg when he fell ………….. his bike.
A. in B. on C. off D. of
23. You should …………… your lesson before the examination.
A. read B. look C. revise D. study
24. Hung is …………… do the crossword puzzles.
A. intelligent enough to B. intelligent enough
C. enough intelligent D. enough intelligent to
25. Her math result is …………….. than her English result.
A. bad B. bader C. worse D. well
26. His father is very proud ……………… him.
A. of B. with C. on D. about
27. Yesterday I came …………. your brother when I was going to school.
A. of B. to C. about D. across
28. Students should work …………. to make their parents happy.
A. hard B. hardly C. in hard way D. more hardly
29. Keep all dangerous things out of children’s …………. .
A. hands B. place C. reach D. head
30. When I was young, I used ……………. on a farm.
A. to live B. live C. to living D. living
Dear Nga,
I’ve just returned from a four-day trip to Da Lat. It’s my parents’ reward for my __41__ result in the last school year. The trip was very interesting and I’m eager __42__ you about it.
My parents and I stayed in a small hotel __43__ Xuan Huong lake. Walking around the lake and enjoying the __ 44__ cool air, we felt very comfortable. Da Lat has __ 45 __ interesting places such as Cam Ly fall, Bao Dai palace and Cu hill. The weather was rather cold __46__ night and in the early morning, but it was cool during the day. The __47__ was excellent there and we enjoyed a lot of vegetables and fruits. Returning home from Da Lat, we all felt very __48__.
Did you go anywhere during this summer holiday? Write to me __49__ you have time. It would be nice to __50__ about what you have been doing.
Love.
Huyen
41. A. bad B. good C. dangerous D. simple
42. A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. told
43. A. near B. next to C. by D. all are correct
44. A. fresh B. bad C. polluted D. dirty
45. A. many B. much C. a lot D. a little
46. A. in B. on C. at D. for
47. A. people B. restaurants C. food D. cinemas
48. A. health B. healthily C. healthiness D. healthy
49. A. where B. when C. what D. which
50. A. listen B. meet C. watch D. hear
Dear Nga,
I’ve just returned from a four-day trip to Da Lat. It’s my parents’ reward for my __41__ result in the last school year. The trip was very interesting and I’m eager __42__ you about it.
My parents and I stayed in a small hotel __43__ Xuan Huong lake. Walking around the lake and enjoying the __ 44__ cool air, we felt very comfortable. Da Lat has __ 45 __ interesting places such as Cam Ly fall, Bao Dai palace and Cu hill. The weather was rather cold __46__ night and in the early morning, but it was cool during the day. The __47__ was excellent there and we enjoyed a lot of vegetables and fruits. Returning home from Da Lat, we all felt very __48__.
Did you go anywhere during this summer holiday? Write to me __49__ you have time. It would be nice to __50__ about what you have been doing.
Love.
Huyen
41. A. bad B. good C. dangerous D. simple
42. A. tell B. telling C. to tell D. told
43. A. near B. next to C. by D. all are correct
44. A. fresh B. bad C. polluted D. dirty
45. A. many B. much C. a lot D. a little
46. A. in B. on C. at D. for
47. A. people B. restaurants C. food D. cinemas
48. A. health B. healthily C. healthiness D. healthy
49. A. where B. when C. what D. which
50. A. listen B. meet C. watch D. hear
Hoa: Would you like to go to the __movie___________(1) this week?
Lan: That sounds good. What would you like to see?
Hoa: There is a ______good_______(2) movie on at the New Age Theater.
Lan: OK. Can you ___make________ (3) it on Monday night?
Hoa: Sorry. I have to go to the drama club. How about _______Tuesday_______(4)?
Lan: No, sorry. I’m going to see a _____detective__________(5) movie with my parents.
And I’m busy on Wednesday, too. Are you _free_________(6) on Thursday?
Hoa: No, I’m not. _______what_____(7) about Friday?
Lan: That’s OK.
Hoa: _____OK______(8). Let’s go on Friday
Hoa: Would you like to go to the __movies____(1) this week?
Lan: That sounds good. What would you like to see?
Hoa: There is a _____cowboy________(2) movie on at the New Age Theater.
Lan: OK. Can you _____make______ (3) it on Monday night?
Hoa: Sorry. I have to go to the drama club. How about _____Tuesday_________(4)?
Lan: No, sorry. I’m going to see a ____detective___________(5) movie with my parents.
And I’m busy on Wednesday, too. Are you ___free_______(6) on Thursday?
Hoa: No, I’m not. ____What________(7) about Friday?
Lan: That’s OK.
Hoa: _____Fine______(8). Let’s go on Friday
1:How much/ time/ day/ you/ spend/ playing game?
A. How much time a day do you spend on playing game?
B. How much time a day do you spend in playing game?
C. How much time a day did you spend in playing game?
D. How much time a day did you spend on playing game?
2: Nick/ just/ buy/ a CD/ Vietnamese folk songs/ and he/ think/ he/ enjoy/ listen/ to the melodies.
A. Nick just bought a CD of Vietnamese folk songs and he thinks he’ll enjoy listening to the melodies.
B. Nick has just bought a CD of Vietnamese folk songs and he thinks he’ll enjoy listening to the melodies.
C. Nick did just buy a CD of Vietnamese folk songs and he thinks he’ll enjoy listening to the melodies.
D. Nick just buys a CD of Vietnamese folk songs and he thinks he’ll enjoy listening to the melodies.
3: Ping/ not/ mind/ do/ a lot of/ homework/ in the evenings.
A. Ping doesn’t mind to do a lot of homework in the evenings.
B. Ping didn’t mind to do a lot of homework in the evenings.
C. Ping didn’t mind doing a lot of homework in the evenings.
D. Ping doesn’t mind doing a lot of homework in the evenings
4: Marie/ / window shopping/ her close friend/ Saturday evenings.
A. Marie s window shopping with her close friend in Saturday evenings.
B. Marie window shopping with her close friend in Saturday evenings.
C. Marie s window shopping with her close friend on Saturday evenings.
D. Marie window shopping with her close friend on Saturday evenings.
5: Why/ not/ we/ help/ our parents/ some DIY projects?
A. Why not we help our parents with some DIY projects?
B. Why not we help our parents some DIY projects?
C. Why don’t we help our parents some DIY projects?
D. Why don’t we help our parents with some DIY projects?
Rearrange the sentences to make meaningful sentences
6:look/ does/ she/ what/ ?
A. What she look does?B. What does she look ?
C. What does she look?D. What she look does ?
7: a/ received/ Lan/ letter/ yesterday/ her/ from/ friend.
A. Lan a letter received her friend from yesterday.
B. Lan her friend received a letter from yesterday.
C. Lan received a her friend letter from yesterday.
D. Lan received a letter from her friend yesterday.
8: is/ My/ gardening/ activity/ favourite/ leisure.
A. My favourite leisure activity is gardening.B. My leisure activity favourite is gardening.
C. My gardening is favourite leisure activity.D. My activity is favourite leisure gardening.
9: not/ get/ is/ She/ to/ old/ married/ enough.
A. She is not old to get enough married.B. She is not get married old enough to.
C. She is not old enough to get married.D. She is not enough old to get married.
10: long/ is/ a/ girl/ She/ with/ nice/ hair.
A. She is a nice girl with long hair.B. She is a long hair girl with nice.
C. She is with a nice girl long hair.D. She is with a long hair girl nice.
I/ Find the word that has the different pronunciation.
|
1) 2) 3) 4) 5) 6) |
A. honest A. excited A. question A. interest A. comment A. escape |
B. . hour B. recycle B. application B. fill out B. equipment B. graze |
C. honor C. festival C. participation C. citizenship C. development C. transit |
D. humor D. enroll D. co-operation D. highlight D. improvement D. chase |
II/ Choose the best answer. Circle it.
1) Nga learns English very hard so she can speak English very …………
|
A. well |
B. bad |
C. slowly |
2) Tomorrow I’ll have a meeting ……….8.30 and 9.30.
|
A.at |
B. until |
C. between |
3) Now Mrs Lien is in class 8E. She ……. Math.
|
A. teaches |
B. is teaching |
C. is teach |
4) What did you do yesterday? – I……… home and…… T.V
|
A. stay/ watch |
B. stayed/ watch |
C. stayed/ watched |
5) ……..show me the way to the nearest post office?
|
A. Can |
B. Do |
C. Are |
6) “What’s your hobby? – “I like ……….
|
A. drawing |
B. draw |
C. to draw |
7) “Could you do me a favor?” –………..
|
A. What can I do for you? |
B. I’m sorry. I’m very busy. |
C. Both A & B are correct. |
8) How many countries will participate …………the Olympic Games?
|
A. on |
B. in |
C. at |
9) When she was young she used…….. fishing with my friends.
|
A. to going |
B. to go |
C. go |
10) Which sentence is true?
|
A. What did you used to play when you were a small girl? |
B. What do you used to play when you were a small girl? |
C. What did you use to play when you were small girl?
|
III/ Rewrite these sentences in indirect speech, beginning as shown.
1) “You should do your homework every day”.
My sister said to me that ………I should do my homework everyday.…………......
2) “Don't ride the bike too fast ”.
Her mother told him…………………not to ride the bike too fast……………
3) “You shouldn’t make a noise in the class”.
My teacher said to me…that I shouldn't make a noise in the class…..
4) "Can you help me with my homework?''
Minh asked her sister.....to help him with his homework....
5)“Can you open the window for me”. My brother said.
……My brother asked me if I could open the window for him……………
6) “ Don’t stay up too late ’’. My sister asked me.
……My sister asked me not to stay up too late…………….
7)“ You should stop smoking ’’. The doctor advised him.
…The doctor advised him to stop smoking…
IV.Choose the best answer
1. My sister loves……………. the meal.
A. cook B. cooked C. cooking D. is cooking
2. I often play soccer………………Sunday afternoon .
A.in B. on C.at D.for
3. Last year, Hoa and Lan………………….to the same school.
A. go B.went C.goes D. to go
4. The manager asked me……………… for her outside her office
A.wait B. waiting C. waited D.to wait
5. They used……………. fishing on the weekend.
A. go B. went C. to go D. goes
6. Nam must………………….his mother do the housework.
A. help B. to help C.helped D. helping
V.Supply the correct forms of the verbs in bracket
1. They( work )……worked……………very hard when they ( be )………were………..young.
2. Ba’s teacher ( give )……gave……………him a lot of homework last week.
3. I enjoy (watch )……watching……………television.
4. Hoa’s mother ( go)…………goes……….shopping everyday.
VI. Read the passage then choose the true (T) or false (F) statement
How Nam has improved his English.
"...In the first semester of grade 7, I had some difficulties in learning English. My pronunciation of English was really bad and my English grammar was worse. I didn't know how to improve.One day, my English teacher took me to the school library and showed me cassettes of pronunciation drills. She also told me how to use an English - English dictionary to improve my English grammar.I made much progress and only short time later I got excellent grades in English. Now I like learning English best. "
1. Nam's English is poor in the first semester of grade of 7. T
2. He improved his English himself. F
3. His teacher told him how to learn new words. F
4. He is good at English now. T
VII. Fill in each gap with a suitable preposition
- I’ll see you…………on……….Monday.
- The class starts ………at…. 7.15 am, if you arrive……at…………7.15 you’ll be late.
- You can meet me………between………………8.00 and 9.00.
VIII.Read the foldtale. Then answer the questions
Once a farmer lived a comfortable life with his family. His chicken laid many eggs which the farmer used to sell to buy food and clothing for his family.
Once day, he went to collect the eggs and discovered one of the chickens laid a gold egg. He shouted excitedly to his wife "We're rich! We're rich". His wife ran to him and they both look at the egg in amazement. The wife wanted more, so her husband decided to cut open all the chickens and find more gold eggs. Unfortunately, He couldn't find any gold egg. When he finished all, the chickens were dead. There were no more eggs of any kind for the foolish farmer and his greedy wife.
1. Who lived a comfortable life?
......A farmer lived a comfortable life with his family................
2. Did the farmer used to sell chickens to buy food and clothing?
.......Yes, he did..............
3. How many gold eggs did they discover?
.......They discovered a gold eggs................
4. Why did the farmer decided to cut open all the chickens?
...........Because his wife wanted to be rich faster...........
5. Could they find any more gold eggs?
..........No, they couldn't................
6. Were all the chicken dead?
..........Yes, they were.........
6. I like playing soccer. - _________.
A. So do I B. So am I C. Neither do I D. I am, too
7. My new bag is quite _________ your bag.
A. the same B. like to C. similar D. different from
8. Who made this cake, Mom? - I _________ made it.
A. my B. mine C. myself D. me
9. I prefer riding a bike _________ driving a car.
A. than B. to C. with D. for
10. Would you mind not using your phone here? - _____________________
A. No, of course not. B. No, I’m afraid not. C. No, I can’t. D. I’d rather you didn’t.
11. Do you need any help? - _________
A. You’re welcome. B. Thanks, I don't need. C. Yes, I need. D. That's very kind of you.
12. I don't know how _________ this game.
A. play B. played C. to play D. playing
13. This is a very popular TV program. Every week it _________ by millions of people.
A. will be watched B. is being watched C. is watched D. was watched
14. He told me that he _________ a plumber.
A. is B. will be C. was D. has been
15. Tim’s teacher asked him to spend more time _________ his Spanish pronunciation.
A. in B. of C. at D. on
16. I am looking forward to _________ you again.
A. see B. seeing C. be seeing D. be seen
17. Susan works very _________, so she always gets good marks.
A. badly B. good C. hardly D. hard
18. Nhung is _________ in reading picture books.
A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. interestingly
19. Will you pick me _________ after the party?
A. on B. over C. up D. through
20. Jane is the _________ of the three girls.
A. prettier B. prettiest C. pretty D. prettily
21. I like my uncle’s house. It is a _________ .
A. new beautiful house B. beautiful new house C. beautiful house new D. new house beautiful
22. Charles is _________ to ride a motorbike to school.
A. not old enough B. old not enough C. enough old not D. enough not old
23. Our _________ resources are limited, so we should recycle all used things.
A. nature B. natural C. naturing D. naturally
24. The team ________ by an experienced rice cook won the rice – cooking contest.
A. led B. leads C. leading D. lead
25. It’s difficult ________ this work in 2 hours.
A. to finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished
6. I like playing soccer. - _________.
A. So do I B. So am I C. Neither do I D. I am, too
7. My new bag is quite _________ your bag.
A. the same B. like to C. similar D. different from
8. Who made this cake, Mom? - I _________ made it.
A. my B. mine C. myself D. me
9. I prefer riding a bike _________ driving a car.
A. than B. to C. with D. for
10. Would you mind not using your phone here? - _____________________
A. No, of course not. B. No, I’m afraid not. C. No, I can’t. D. I’d rather you didn’t.
11. Do you need any help? - _________
A. You’re welcome. B. Thanks, I don't need. C. Yes, I need. D. That's very kind of you.
12. I don't know how _________ this game.
A. play B. played C. to play D. playing
13. This is a very popular TV program. Every week it _________ by millions of people.
A. will be watched B. is being watched C. is watched D. was watched
14. He told me that he _________ a plumber.
A. is B. will be C. was D. has been
15. Tim’s teacher asked him to spend more time _________ his Spanish pronunciation.
A. in B. of C. at D. on
16. I am looking forward to _________ you again.
A. see B. seeing C. be seeing D. be seen
17. Susan works very _________, so she always gets good marks.
A. badly B. good C. hardly D. hard
18. Nhung is _________ in reading picture books.
A. interest B. interesting C. interested D. interestingly
19. Will you pick me _________ after the party?
A. on B. over C. up D. through
20. Jane is the _________ of the three girls.
A. prettier B. prettiest C. pretty D. prettily
21. I like my uncle’s house. It is a _________ .
A. new beautiful house B. beautiful new house C. beautiful house new D. new house beautiful
22. Charles is _________ to ride a motorbike to school.
A. not old enough B. old not enough C. enough old not D. enough not old
23. Our _________ resources are limited, so we should recycle all used things.
A. nature B. natural C. naturing D. naturally
24. The team ________ by an experienced rice cook won the rice – cooking contest.
A. led B. leads C. leading D. lead
25. It’s difficult ________ this work in 2 hours.
A. to finish B. finish C. finishing D. finished
1: I/ / look/ at/ stars/ starry nights.
A. I looking at stars on starry nights. B. I look at stars in starry nights.
C. I to look at stars in starry nights. D. I looked at stars on starry nights.
2: Some farmers/ still/ use/ buffalo-drawn/ carts/ move crops.
A. Some farmers still uses buffalo-drawn carts to move crops.
B. Some farmers still uses buffalo-drawn carts move crops.
C. Some farmers still use buffalo-drawn carts move crops.
D. Some farmers still use buffalo-drawn carts to move crops.
3: He/ usually/ go/ herd/ buffaloes/ other boys/ village.
A. He usually goes herding buffaloes with other boys in village.
B. He usually go herding buffaloes with other boys in village.
C. He usually goes herding buffaloes with other boys in the village.
D. He usually go herding buffaloes with other boys in the village.
4:City/ children/ have/ more/ interesting life/ country ones.
A. City children have more interesting life than country ones.
B. City children have more interesting life country ones.
C. City children has more interesting life than country ones.
D. City children has more interesting life country ones.
5: My friend/ never/ ride/ horse/ before.
A. My friend never ridden a horse before.
B. My friend never rode a horse before.
C. My friend has never ridden a horse before.
D. My friend had never ridden a horse before.
Rearrange the sentences to make meaningful sentences
6: collect/ people/ money/ old/ Poor/ some/ make/ to/ bottles.
A. Poor people collect to make some old bottles money.
B. Poor people collect old bottles to make some money.
C. Poor some money people collect old bottles to make.
D. Poor people collect to make some money old bottles.
7: more/ usual/ In/ farmers/ on/ harvest time/ than/ the field/ work.
A. In harvest time, on the field more farmers than work usual.
B. In harvest time, more farmers work field than on the usual.
C. In harvest time, more farmers field than work on the usual.
D. In harvest time, more farmers work on the field than usual.
8: than/ more/ in the/ in the/ city/ more/ It’s/ countryside/ to live.
A. It’s more countryside convenient in the city than in the to live.
B. It’s more convenient to live in the city than in the countryside.
C. It’s live in the city than more convenient to in the countryside.
D. It’s more convenient to than in the live in the city countryside.
9: Do/ think/ spending/ you/ much/ too/ time/ is/ the/ on/ Internet/ harmful?
A. Do you think spending too much time on the Internet is harmful?
B. Do you on the Internet is harmful think spending time too much?
C. Do you think spending on the Internet too much time is harmful?
D. Do you think spending too much time is harmful on the Internet?
10: are/ sides/ the/ positive/ and/ negative/ What/ of/ the/ Internet/?
A. What are the negative sides positive and of the Internet?
B. What are the of the positive and negative sides Internet?
C. What are the positive and negative sides of the Internet?
D. What are the sides positive and negative of the Internet?
Rewrite sentences without changing the meaning
11: I find cooking in my free time relaxing.
A. It’s relaxing to me to cook in my free time. B. Cooking is relaxing for free time.
C. Free time relaxing is cooking. D. I spend cooking my free time.
12: I close friend gave me a wonderful present on my birthday
A. I gave my friend a wonderful present on my birthday.
B. I was given a wonderful present on my birthday.
C. A wonderful present was given me on my birthday.
D. My birthday gave a wonderful present.
13: Skateboarding is her hobby.
A. She doesn’t skateboarding. B. Skateboarding is fun.
C. Hobby includes skateboarding. D. Her favourite leisure activity is skateboarding.
14: He s to listen to pop music than to watch TV after school.
A. He prefers listening to pop music to watching TV after school.
B. He watching TV more than listening to music after school.
C. Listening to pop music is more exciting than watching TV.
D. Watching TV is less interesting than listening to pop music.
15: My parents insist me on learning Spanish.
A. My parents want me to study Spanish. B. My parents teach me to study Spanish.
C. My parents make me to study Spanish. D. My parents remind me to study Spanish.
Exercise 8:
1. A
2. C
3. C
4. A
5. D
6. C
7. A
8. B
9. D
10. A
11. B
12. C
13. C
14. D
15. B
Exercise 9:
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. A
9. A
EX8
1a
2c
3c
4a
5d
6c
7a
8b
9d
10a
11b
12c
13c
14d
15b
EX9
1b
2a
3a
4c
5a
6a
7a
8a
9a