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Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{a\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{a}{a\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a\left(a+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{a+1}{a\left(a+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{a}\)
Vậy \(\dfrac{1}{a}=\dfrac{1}{a+1}+\dfrac{1}{a\left(a+1\right)}\)
Áp dụng:
\(\dfrac{1}{5}=\dfrac{1}{5+1}+\dfrac{1}{5\left(5+1\right)}=\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{30}\)
Bài 3:
Để A là số nguyên thì \(n-2+5⋮n-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n-2\in\left\{1;-1;5;-5\right\}\)
hay \(n\in\left\{3;1;7;-3\right\}\)
3. Gọi d là ƯCLN(2n + 3, 4n + 8), d ∈ N*
\(\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2n+3⋮d\\4n+8⋮d\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}2\left(2n+3\right)⋮d\\4n+8⋮d\end{cases}\Rightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}4n+6⋮d\\4n+8⋮d\end{cases}}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(4n+8\right)-\left(4n+6\right)⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow2⋮d\)
\(\Rightarrow d\in\left\{1;2\right\}\)
Mà 2n + 3 không chia hết cho 2
\(\Rightarrow d=1\)
\(\RightarrowƯCLN\left(2n+3,4n+8\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{2n+3}{4n+8}\) là phân số tối giản.
a) ta co:
1/18<x/12<y/9<1/4
=>2/36<x.3/36<y.4/36<9/36
=>x.3thuộc{3;6};y.4thuộc{4;8}
=>x thuộc{1;2};y thuộc{1:2}
b) ta co
7/8<x/40<9/10
=>70/80<x.2/40<72/80
=>x.2 =71
=>x=71/2
Bài 1:
a) \(\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot x-\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{1}{10}\)
\(\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot x=\dfrac{1}{10}+\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{2}{5}\cdot x=\dfrac{7}{20}\)
\(x=\dfrac{7}{20}:\dfrac{2}{5}\)
\(x=\dfrac{7}{8}\)
Vậy \(x=\dfrac{7}{8}\).
b) \(\dfrac{3}{5}=\dfrac{24}{x}\)
\(x=\dfrac{5\cdot24}{3}\)
\(x=40\)
Vậy \(x=40\).
c) \(\left(2x-3\right)^2=16\)
\(\left(2x-3\right)^2=4^2\)
\(\circledast\)TH1: \(2x-3=4\\ 2x=4+3\\ 2x=7\\ x=\dfrac{7}{2}\)
\(\circledast\)TH2: \(2x-3=-4\\ 2x=-4+3\\ 2x=-1\\ x=\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
Vậy \(x\in\left\{\dfrac{7}{2};\dfrac{-1}{2}\right\}\).
Bài 2:
a) \(25\%-4\dfrac{2}{5}+0.3:\dfrac{6}{5}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{22}{5}+\dfrac{3}{10}:\dfrac{6}{5}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{22}{5}+\dfrac{3}{10}\cdot\dfrac{5}{6}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{22}{5}+\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{5}{20}-\dfrac{88}{20}+\dfrac{5}{20}\)
\(=\dfrac{5-88+5}{20}\)
\(=\dfrac{78}{20}=\dfrac{39}{10}\)
b) \(\left(\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{5^2}\cdot5+\dfrac{1}{30}\right)\left(\dfrac{2011}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{1009}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{25}\cdot5+\dfrac{1}{30}\right)\left(\dfrac{2011}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{1009}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{30}\right)\left(\dfrac{2011}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{1009}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{5}{30}-\dfrac{6}{30}+\dfrac{1}{30}\right)\left(\dfrac{2011}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{1009}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{5-6+1}{30}\right)\left(\dfrac{2011}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{1009}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\right)\)
\(=0\cdot\left(\dfrac{2011}{2010}+\dfrac{2010}{1009}+\dfrac{2009}{2008}\right)\)
\(=0\)
Bài 3:
a) \(\dfrac{4}{19}\cdot\dfrac{-3}{7}+\dfrac{-3}{7}\cdot\dfrac{15}{19}\)
\(=\dfrac{-3}{7}\left(\dfrac{4}{19}+\dfrac{15}{19}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{-3}{7}\cdot1\)
\(=\dfrac{-3}{7}\)
b) \(7\dfrac{5}{9}-\left(2\dfrac{3}{4}+3\dfrac{5}{9}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{68}{9}-\dfrac{11}{4}-\dfrac{32}{9}\)
\(=\dfrac{68}{9}-\dfrac{32}{9}-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(=4-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{16}{4}-\dfrac{11}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{5}{4}\)
Bài 4:
\(\dfrac{4}{12\cdot14}+\dfrac{4}{14\cdot16}+\dfrac{4}{16\cdot18}+...+\dfrac{4}{58\cdot60}\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{1}{12\cdot14}+\dfrac{1}{14\cdot16}+\dfrac{1}{16\cdot18}+...+\dfrac{1}{58\cdot60}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{14}+\dfrac{1}{14}-\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{16}-\dfrac{1}{18}+...+\dfrac{1}{58}-\dfrac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{1}{12}-\dfrac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(=2\left(\dfrac{5}{60}-\dfrac{1}{60}\right)\)
\(=2\cdot\dfrac{1}{15}\)
\(=\dfrac{2}{15}\)
Giải:
Ta có:
Do \(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{5}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}< \dfrac{1}{5}\Leftrightarrow a>5\left(1\right)\)
Ta lại có:
\(0< a< b\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}>\dfrac{1}{b}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{a}>\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}\)
Hay \(\dfrac{2}{a}>\dfrac{1}{5}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2}{a}>\dfrac{2}{10}\Leftrightarrow a< 10\left(2\right)\)
Kết hợp \(\left(1\right)\) và \(\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow a\in\left\{6;7;8;9\right\}\)
- Với \(a=6\) thì \(\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}=\dfrac{1}{30}\Leftrightarrow b=30\)
- Với \(a=7\) thì \(\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{7}=\dfrac{2}{35}\Leftrightarrow b=17,5\) (loại)
- Với \(a=8\) thì \(\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{8}=\dfrac{3}{40}\Leftrightarrow b\approx13,3\) (loại)
- Với \(a=9\) thì \(\dfrac{1}{b}=\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{9}=\dfrac{4}{45}\Leftrightarrow b=11,25\) (loại)
Vậy chỉ có 1 cách viết là \(\dfrac{1}{5}=\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{30}\)
Vì 
Suy ra a > 5 (1)
Ta lại có 0 < a < b nên 
Hay 
, suy ra a < 10 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có a ∈ {6;7;8;9}
Nếu a = 6 thì 
nên b = 30
Nếu a = 7 thì 
suy ra b = 17,5 (loại)
Nếu a = 8 thì 
suy ra b ≈ 13,3 (loại)
Nếu a = 9 thì 
suy ra b = 11,25 (loại)
Vậy chỉ có một cách viết là 
\(\dfrac{1}{5}=\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{30}\)