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Bài 1 :
Giả sử : hỗn hợp có 1 mol
\(n_{H_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{O_2}=1-a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\overline{M_X}=0.3276\cdot29=9.5\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_X=2a+32\cdot\left(1-a\right)=9.5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0.75\)
Cách 1 :
\(\%H_2=\dfrac{0.75}{1}\cdot100\%=75\%\)
\(\%O_2=100-75=25\%\)
Cách 2 em tính theo thể tích nhé !
2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
Xét \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,08}{1}\) => H2 dư, O2 hết
=> Hiệu suất phản ứng tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{0,08.75}{100}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
____0,12<-0,06------>0,12
=> \(Y\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{O_2}=\left(0,08-0,06\right).32=0,64\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=\left(0,2-0,12\right).2=0,16\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2O}=0,12.18=2,16\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a)
MgCO3 --to--> MgO + CO2
CaCO3 --to--> CaO + CO2
b) Khối lượng rắn sau pư giảm do có khí CO2 thoát ra
c) \(m_{giảm}=m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
=> \(n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,8}{44}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol CaCO3, MgCO3 là a, b (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,2\\100a+84b=18,4\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a = 0,1 (mol); b = 0,1 (mol)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,1.100=10\left(g\right)\\m_{MgCO_3}=0,1.84=8,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,025 0,025
\(BaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Ba}=0,025.137=3,425\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ba}=\dfrac{3,425}{6,486}=52,81\%\\\%m_{BaO}=100\%-52,81\%=47,19\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_3O_4}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe\left(pư\right)}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
3Fe3O4 + 28HNO3 ---> 3Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 14H2O
a 28a/3 3a a/3
Fe + 4HNO3 ---> Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
b 4b b b
Fe + 2Fe(NO3)3 ---> 3Fe(NO3)2
(1,5a + 0,5b)->(3a + b)->(4,5a + 1,5b)
Hệ pt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56\left(b+0,5b+1,5a\right)+232a+1,46=18,5\\\dfrac{a}{3}+b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,03\left(mol\right)\\b=0,09\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\rightarrow C_{M\left(HNO_3\right)}=\dfrac{\dfrac{28.0,03}{3}+0,09.4}{0,2}=3,2M\)
=> \(m_{Fe\left(NO_3\right)_2}=\left(4,5.0,03+1,5.0,09\right).180=48,6\left(g\right)\)
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
a--->2a------------------>a
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b-------------------->1,5b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=16,6\\a+1,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2.2+0,2.3\right).36,5}{300}.100\%=12,167\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
gọi nFe : a , nAl: b (a,b>0) => 56a + 27b = 16,6 (g)
\(pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a a
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b \(\dfrac{3b}{2}\)
=> \(a+\dfrac{3b}{2}=0,5\)
ta có hệ pt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=16,6\\a+\dfrac{3b}{2}=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a= 0,2 , b = 0,2
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=16,6-11,2=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,6
=> \(m_{HCl}=\left(0,4+0,6\right).36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{36,5}{200}.100\%=18,25\%\)