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\(1,2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(2Mg+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2MgO\)
\(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CuO\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(2,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(a,n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_C=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=13,2\left(g\right)\)
c, Vì\(\frac{0,3}{1}>\frac{0,2}{1}\)nên C phản ửng dư, O2 phản ứng hết, Bài toán tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CO_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CO_2}=8,8\left(g\right)\)
\(3,PTHH:CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_2+\frac{5}{2}O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+H_2O\)
\(C_2H_6O+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2CO_2+3H_2O\)
\(4,a,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_P=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=38,4\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_C=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=80\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t}2Al_2O_3\)
\(n_{Al}=2,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=1,875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=60\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(TH_1:\left(đktc\right)n_{H_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=24\left(g\right)\)
\(TH_2:\left(đkt\right)n_{H_2}=1,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=0,7\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}=22,4\left(g\right)\)
\(5,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=0,46875\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Vì\(0,46875>0,3\left(n_{O_2}>n_{SO_2}\right)\)nên S phản ứng hết, bài toán tính theo S.
\(a,\Rightarrow n_S=n_{SO_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=9,6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,16875\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=5,4\left(g\right)\)
\(6,a,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_C=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_C=18\left(g\right)\)
\(b,PTHH:2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t}2H_2O\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=0,75\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{H_2}=1,5\left(g\right)\)
\(c,PTHH:S+O_2\underrightarrow{t}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_S=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_S=48\left(g\right)\)
\(d,PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
\(n_{O_2}=1,5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_P=1,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_P=37,2\left(g\right)\)
\(7,n_{O_2}=5\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=112\left(l\right)\left(đktc\right)\);\(V_{O_2}=120\left(l\right)\left(đkt\right)\)
\(8,PTHH:C+O_2\underrightarrow{t}CO_2\)
\(m_C=0,96\left(kg\right)\Rightarrow n_C=0,08\left(kmol\right)=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{O_2}=80\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=1792\left(l\right)\)
\(9,n_p=0,2\left(mol\right);n_{O_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:4P+5O_2\underrightarrow{t}2P_2O_5\)
Vì\(\frac{0,2}{4}< \frac{0,3}{5}\)nên P hết O2 dư, bài toán tính theo P.
\(a,n_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=0,05\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{O_2}\left(dư\right)=1,6\left(g\right)\)
\(b,n_{P_2O_5}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{P_2O_5}=14,2\left(g\right)\)
a.\(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{V_{CH_4}}{22,4}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\)
\(CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CO_2+2H_2O\)
0,3 0,6 ( mol )
\(V_{O_2}=n_{O_2}.22,4=0,6.22,4=13,44l\)
b.
\(n_P=\dfrac{m_P}{M_P}=\dfrac{3,1}{31}=0,1mol\)
\(4P+5O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2P_2O_5\)
0,1 0,05 ( mol )
\(m_{P_2O_5}=n_{P_2O_5}.M_{P_2O_5}=0,05.142=7,1g\)
Cho nhôm tác dụng với 7,3 gam axit clohiđric (HCl), sau phản ứng thu được nhôm clorua (AlCl3) và khí hiđro (H2)
a) Viết PTHH của phản ứng?
b) Tính khối lượng nhôm clorua thu được sau phản ứng?
c) Tính thể tích khí H2 thu được ở đktc?
a, PTHH ( I ) : \(S+O_2\rightarrow SO_2\)
b, \(n_S=\frac{m_S}{M_S}=\frac{4,8}{32}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
- Theo PTHH ( I ): \(n_{SO_2}=n_S=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
-> \(m_{SO_2}=n.M=0,15.\left(32+16.2\right)=0,15.64=9,6\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PTHH ( I ): \(n_{O_2}=n_S=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
-> \(V_{O_2}=n_{O_2}.22,4=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
d, PTHH ( II ): \(2KClO_3\rightarrow2KCl+3O_2\)
- Theo PTHH ( II ) : \(n_{KClO_3}=\frac{2}{3}n_{O_2}=\frac{2}{3}.0,15=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
-> \(m_{KClO_3}=n.M=0,15.\left(39+35,5+16.3\right)=18,375\left(g\right)\)
Vậy khối lượng KClO3 là : \(\frac{18,375.100}{85}=26,1\left(g\right)\)
a, PTHH : S+O2→SO2
b, nS=4,8\32=0,15(mol)
- Theo PTHH : nSO2=nS=0,15(mol)
-> mSO2=0,15.(32+16.2)=0,15.64=9,6(g)
c, Theo PTHH : nO2=nS=0,15(mol)
-> VO2=0,15.22,4=3,36(l
d, PTHH : 2KClO3→2KCl+3O2
- Theo PTHH : nKClO3==23.0,15=0,1(mol)
-> mKClO3=n.M=0,15.(39+35,5+16.3)=18,375(g)
Vậy khối lượng KClO3 là : 18,375.100\85=26,1(g)
a) PT Chữ: Cacbon + khí oxi ---to----> Khí cacbonic
b) Theo ĐLBTKL, ta có:
mCacbon + m(khí oxi) = m(khí cacbonic)
<=>m(khí cacbonic)= 12+32=44(g)
c) C + O2 -to-> CO2
nC=4,8/12=0,4(mol) => nO2=nCO2=nC=0,4(mol)
=>mO2=0,4.32= 12,8(g)
mCO2=44.0,4= 17,6(g)
nP = 3,1 : 31 = 0,1 (mol)
pthh : 4P + 5O2 -t--> 2P2O5 (1)
0,1--> 0,125 (mol)
=> VO2 = 0,125 .22,4 = 2,8(l)
pthh : 2KMnO4 -t--> K2MnO4 + MnO2 +O2 (2)
0,25<--------------------------- 0,125(mol)
=> mKMnO4 = 0,25 .158 = 39,5(g)
d ) (1) là Phản ứng hóa hợp
(2) là phản ứng phân hủy
nP = 3,1/31 = 0,1 (mol)
PTHH: 4P + 5O2 -> (t°) 2P2O5 (phản ứng hóa hợp)
Mol: 0,1 ---> 0,125
VO2 = 0,125 . 22,4 = 2,8 (l)
PTHH: 2KMnO4 -> (t°) K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2 (phản ứng phân hủy)
nKMnO4 = 0,125 . 2 = 0,25 (mol)
mKMnO4 = 0,25 . 158 = 39,5 (g)
a) PTHH: C + O2 =(nhiệt)=> CO2
nC = 3,6 / 12 = 0,3 mol
=> nO2 = nC = 0,3 mol
=> VO2(đktc) = 0,3 x 22,4 = 6,72 lít
b) dCO2/KK = \(\frac{M_{CO2}}{29}=\frac{44}{29}\approx1,517>1\)
=> Khí CO2 nặng hơn không khí 1,517 lần
c) PTHH: S + O2 =(nhiệt)=> SO2
=> nS = nO2 = 0,3 mol
=> mS = 0,3 x 32 = 9,6 gam
a.b.\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{6,4}{24}=\dfrac{4}{15}mol\)
\(2Mg+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2MgO\)
4/15 2/15 ( mol )
\(V_{O_2}=n.22,4=\dfrac{2}{15}.22,4=\dfrac{224}{75}l\)
c.\(2KMnO_4\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\)
4/15 2/15 ( mol )
\(m_{KMnO_4}=n.M=\dfrac{4}{15}.158=\dfrac{632}{15}g\)
nMg = 6,4 : 24= 0,26(mol)
pthh : 2Mg+O2 -t--> 2MgO
0,26 --> 0,13 (mol )
=> VO2(đktc) = 0,13.22,4=2,912(l)
pthh : 2KMnO4-t--> K2MnO4 + MnO2+ O2
0,26<------------------------------0,13(mol)
=> mKMnO4 = 0,26.158= 41,08(g)
a, PTHH ( I ) : \(C+O_2\rightarrow CO_2\)
b, \(n_C=\frac{m_C}{M_C}=\frac{6}{12}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
- Theo PTHH ( I ) : \(n_{CO_2}=n_C=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
-> \(m_{CO_2}=n.M=0,5.\left(12+16.2\right)=22\left(g\right)\)
c, Theo PTHH ( I ) : \(n_{O_2}=n_C=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
-> \(V_{O_2}=n_{O_2}.22,4=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\)
d, PTHH ( II ) : \(2KMnO_4\rightarrow MnO_2+O_2+K_2MnO_4\)
- Theo PTHH : \(n_{KMnO_4}=2n_{O_2}=1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{KMnO_4}=n.M=1.158=158\left(g\right)\)
a, PTHH : C+O2→CO2
b, nC==6\12=0,5(mol)
- Theo PT : nCO2=nC=0,5(mol)
-> mCO2=0,5.(12+16.2)=22(g)
c, Theo PT : nO2=nC=0,5(mol)
-> VO2=0,5.22,4=11,2(l)
d, PT: 2KMnO4→MnO2+O2+K2MnO4
- Theo PTHH : nKMnO4=1(mol)
=> mKMnO4=n.M=1.158=158(g)