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\(m_{CH_4} = 8.30\% = 2,4(gam)\\ m_{C_2H_4} = 8 - 2,4 = 5,6(gam)\\ CH_4 + 2O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2 + 2H_2O\\ C_2H_4 + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CO_2 + 2H_2O\\\)
Theo PTHH :
\(n_{CO_2} = n_{CH_4} + 2n_{C_2H_4} = \dfrac{2,4}{16} + \dfrac{5,6}{28}.2 = 0,55(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CO_2} = 0,55.44 = 24,2(gam)\)
\(m_{CH_4}=0.3\cdot8=2.4\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{CH_4}=\dfrac{2.4}{16}=0.15\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{C_2H_4}=8-2.4=5.6\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{5.6}{28}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(CH_4+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(C_2H_4+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(n_{CO_2}=2\cdot0.15+0.2=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CO_2}=0.5\cdot44=22\left(g\right)\)
\(PTHH: \)
\(C+O_2-t^o-> CO_2\)\((1)\)
\(S+O_2-t^o-> SO_2\) \((2)\)
Theo đề, cacbon chiếm 2,24% về khối lượng nên ta có:
\(mC=\dfrac{9,84.20}{100}=1,968 (g)\)
\(=> nC=\dfrac{1,986}{12}=0,164(mol)\)
Theo PTHH (1) \(nCO_2=nC=0,164(mol)\)
\(mS=mhh - mC = 9,84-1,968 =7,872(g)\)
\(=> nS=\dfrac{7,872}{32} = 0,246(mol)\)
Theo PTHH (2) \(nSO_2 = nS = 0,246 (mol)\)
\(\%mCO_2=\dfrac{0,164.44.100}{0,164.44+0,246.64}=31,43\%\)
\(=>\%mSO_2=100\%-31,43\%=68,57\%\)
\(1,2\ tạ = 120\ kg\\ \%C = 100\% - 0,75\% - 1,25\% = 98\% \\ C + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} CO_2\\ S + O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} SO_2\\ n_{CO_2} = n_C = \dfrac{120.98\%}{12} = 9,8(kmol)\\ n_{SO_2} = n_S = \dfrac{120.0,75\%}{32} = 0,028125(kmol)\\ \Rightarrow M_A = \dfrac{9,8.44 + 0,028125.64}{9,8 + 0,028125} =44,06(g/mol)\\ d_{A/không\ khí} = \dfrac{44,06}{29} = 1,519 \)
\(\%C=100-0.75-1.25=98\%\)
\(n_C=\dfrac{1.2\cdot100}{12}\cdot98\%=9.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_S=0.75\%\cdot\dfrac{1.2\cdot100}{32}=0.028125\left(mol\right)\)
\(C+O_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}CO_2\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}SO_2\)
\(V_A=V_{CO_2}+V_{SO_2}=9.8\cdot22.4+0.028125\cdot22.4=220.15\left(l\right)\)
\(\overline{M}_A=\dfrac{9.8\cdot44+0.028125\cdot64}{9.8+0.028125}=44\left(g\text{/}mol\right)\)
\(d_{A\text{/}kk}=\dfrac{44}{29}=1.5\)
Các PTHH:
\(C+O_2->CO_2\)
\(S+O_2->SO_2\)
Ta tính khối lượng cacbon trong hỗn hợp:
\(m_C=\dfrac{9,84\cdot20}{100}=1,97\left(g\right)\)
=> Số mol của C là
\(n_C=\dfrac{1,97}{12}=0,164\left(mol\right)\)
PT:
\(C+O_2->CO_2\)
Theo PT:
\(n_{CO_2}=n_C=0,164\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_S=9,84-m_C=9,84-1,97=7,87\)(g)
\(n_S=\dfrac{7,87}{32}=0,246\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\%m_{CO_2}=\dfrac{0,164\cdot44\cdot100}{0,164\cdot44+0,246\cdot64}=31,43\%\)
=> \(\%m_{SO_2}=100\%-31,43\%=68,57\%\)
a) PTHH: \(2CO+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2\) (1)
\(4H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\) (2)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\Sigma n_{O_2}=\dfrac{9,6}{32}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\n_{CO_2}=\dfrac{8,8}{44}=0,2\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{O_2\left(1\right)}=0,1mol\\n_{O_2\left(2\right)}=0,2mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CO}=0,1\cdot28=2,8\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CO}=\dfrac{2,8}{2,8+0,4}\cdot100\%=87,5\%\\\%m_{H_2}=12,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) PTHH: \(2KMnO_4\underrightarrow{t^o}K_2MnO_4+MnO_2+O_2\uparrow\)
Theo PTHH: \(n_{KMnO_4}=2n_{O_2}=0,6mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{KMnO_4}=0,6\cdot158=94,8\left(g\right)\)
\(a,m_C=10.36\%=3,6\left(kg\right)=3600\left(g\right)\\ n_C=\dfrac{3600}{12}=300\left(mol\right)\\ m_S=10-3,6=6,4\left(kg\right)=6400\left(g\right)\\ n_S=\dfrac{6400}{32}=200\left(mol\right)\\ C+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)CO_2\\ S+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)SO_2\\ n_{O_2\left(tổng\right)}=n_C+n_S=300+200=500\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(tổng\right)\left(đktc\right)}=500.22,4=11200\left(l\right)\\ V_{kk}=\dfrac{100}{20}V_{O_2\left(tổng\right)\left(đktc\right)}=5.11200=56000\left(l\right)\\ b,V_{hh\left(CO_2,SO_2\left(đktc\right)\right)}=22,4.\left(n_C+n_S\right)=22,4.\left(300+200\right)=11200\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH : \(C+O_2\rightarrow CO_2\)
x x x (mol)
PTHH : \(S+O_2\rightarrow SO_2\)
y y y (mol)
\(\rightarrow\) x + y = 0,3 (1)
12x+32y=5,6 (2)
Từ (1),(2) \(\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%C=\dfrac{0,2.12}{5,6}.100=42,86\%\)
\(\%S=100\%-42,86\%=57,14\%\)
\(m_C=0,2.12=2,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_S=5,6-2,4=3,2\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_S=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6.72}{22.4}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=56a+32b=20\left(g\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}Fe_3O_4\)
\(S+O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}SO_2\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}a+b=0.3\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.3,b=0.1\)
\(\%Fe=\dfrac{0.3\cdot56}{20}\cdot100\%=84\%\)
\(\%S=16\%\)
