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Câu 1:
Giả sử KL là A có hóa trị n.
PT: \(4A+nO_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2A_2O_n\)
Ta có: \(n_A=\dfrac{10,8}{M_A}\left(mol\right)\), \(n_{A_2O_n}=\dfrac{20,4}{2M_A+16n}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_A=2n_{A_2O_3}\Rightarrow\dfrac{10,8}{M_A}=\dfrac{2.20,4}{2M_A+16n}\Rightarrow M_A=9n\left(g/mol\right)\)
Với = 3 thì MA = 27 (g/mol) là thỏa mãn.
Vậy: A là Al.
Câu 2:
Giả sử KL cần tìm là A có hóa trị n.
PT: \(4A+nO_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2A_2O_n\)
Ta có: \(n_A=\dfrac{8,4}{M_A}\left(mol\right)\), \(n_{A_2O_n}=\dfrac{16,6}{2M_A+16n}\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_A=2n_{A_2O_n}\Rightarrow\dfrac{8,4}{M_A}=\dfrac{2.16,6}{2M_A+16n}\Rightarrow M_A=\dfrac{336}{41}n\)
→ vô lý
Bạn xem lại đề câu này nhé.
Câu 3:
a, \(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
b, \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{16,1}{36,5}=\dfrac{161}{365}\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}< \dfrac{\dfrac{161}{365}}{6}\), ta được HCl dư.
THeo PT: \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=3n_{Al}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{161}{365}-0,3=\dfrac{103}{730}\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{103}{365}.36,5=5,15\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\), \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{30}{80}=0,375\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,375}{1}>\dfrac{0,15}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=n_{Cu}=n_{H_2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,375-0,15=0,225\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ m chất rắn = mCu + mCuO (dư) = 0,15.64 + 0,225.80 = 27,6 (g)
\(a.PTHH:2B+O_2\overset{t^o}{--->}2BO\left(1\right)\)
b. Áp dụng ĐLBTKL, ta có:
\(m_B+m_{O_2}=m_{BO}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m_{O_2}=8-4,8=3,2\left(g\right)\)
c. Ta có: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{3,2}{32}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(lít\right)\)
Mà: \(V_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{5}.V_{kk}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow V_{kk}=2,24.5=11,2\left(lít\right)\)
d. Theo PT(1): \(n_B=2.n_{O_2}=2.0,1=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_B=\dfrac{4,8}{0,2}=24\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
Vậy B là magie (Mg)
\(e.PTHH:2xB+yO_2\overset{t^o}{--->}2B_xO_y\left(2\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_B=\dfrac{2x}{y}.n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2x}{y}.0,1=\dfrac{0,2x}{y}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M_B=\dfrac{4,8}{\dfrac{0,2x}{y}}=\dfrac{4,8y}{0,2x}=12.\dfrac{2y}{x}\left(mol\right)\)
Biện luận:
| 2y/x | 1 | 2 | 3 |
| MB | 12 | 24 | 36 |
| loại | Mg | loại |
Vậy B là kim loại magie (Mg)
Bài 1:
PT: \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
a, Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5,6}{56}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{3}< \dfrac{0,1}{2}\), ta được O2 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=0,1-\dfrac{1}{15}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{30}.32\approx1,067\left(g\right)\\V_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{30}.2,24\approx0,746\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{30}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{30}.232\approx7,733\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
PT: \(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe_3O_4\)
a, Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{15}.232\approx15,467\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{2}{15}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=\dfrac{2}{15}.22,4\approx2,9867\left(l\right)\)
c, PT: \(2N_2+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2N_2O_5\)
Ta có: \(n_{N_2}=\dfrac{2,8}{28}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,1}{2}>\dfrac{\dfrac{2}{15}}{5}\), ta được N2 dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{N_2O_5}=\dfrac{2}{5}n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4}{75}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{N_2O_5}=\dfrac{4}{75}.108=5,76\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Bài 1 :
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{5.6}{56}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2.24}{224}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}Fe_3O_4\)
\(Bđ:0.1......0.1\)
\(Pư:0.1.......\dfrac{1}{15}...\dfrac{1}{30}\)
\(Kt:0........\dfrac{1}{30}....\dfrac{1}{30}\)
\(V_{O_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1}{30}\cdot22.4=0.747\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{30}\cdot232=7.73\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2 :
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11.2}{56}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}Fe_3O_4\)
\(0.2.......0.3.......\dfrac{1}{15}\)
\(V_{O_2}=0.3\cdot22.4=6.72\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{1}{15}\cdot232=15.47\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{N_2}=\dfrac{2.8}{28}=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(2N_2+5O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2N_2O_5\)
\(0.12......0.3........0.12\)
\(m_{N_2O_5}=0.12\cdot108=12.96\left(g\right)\)
Gọi công thức hóa học là RO
PTHH : RO + O2 -> RO
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> (R + 16 ) .0,05 = 4
=> R + 16 = 80
=> R= 80 -16
=> R= 64
=> R là Cu
CTHH: RxOy
\(n_R=\dfrac{4}{M_R}\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2xR + yO2 --to--> 2RxOy
_____\(\dfrac{4}{M_R}\) ->\(\dfrac{2y}{x.M_R}\)
=> \(\dfrac{2y}{x.M_R}=0,05=>M_R=20.\dfrac{2y}{x}\left(mol\right)\)
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=1=>L\)
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=2=>M_R=40\left(Ca\right)\)
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=3=>L\)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0.896}{22.4}=0.04\left(mol\right)\)
\(3Fe+2O_2\underrightarrow{^{^{t^0}}}Fe_3O_4\)
\(0.06......0.04.......0.02\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.06\cdot56=3.36\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2O_3}=0.02\cdot232=4.64\left(g\right)\)
a) $4Al + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2Al_2O_3$
b) $n_{O_2} = \dfrac{6,72}{22,4} = 0,3(mol)$
$n_{Al\ pư} = \dfrac{4}{3}n_{O_2} = 0,4(mol)$
$m_{Al\ pư} = 0,4.27 = 10,8(gam)$
c)
Cách 1 :
$m_{Al_2O_3} = m_{Al} + m_{O_2} = 10,8 + 0,3.32 = 20,4(gam)$
Cách 2 :
Theo PTHH, $n_{Al_2O_3} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{Al\ pư} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{Al_2O_3} = 0,2.102 = 20,4(gam)$
a) 2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b) Gọi số mol Mg, Al là a, b
=> 24a + 27b = 7,8
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Mg + O2 --to--> 2MgO
______a--->0,5a-------->a
4Al + 3O2 --to--> 2Al2O3
b-->0,75b------->0,5b
=> 0,5a + 0,75b = 0,2
=> a = 0,1 ; b = 0,2
=> mMg = 0,1.24 = 2,4 (g); mAl = 0,2.27 = 5,4 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{2,4}{7,8}.100\%=30,769\%\\\%Al=\dfrac{5,4}{7,8}.100\%=69,231\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgO}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgO}=0,1.40=4\left(g\right)\\m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1.102=10,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> m = 4 + 10,2 = 14,2 (g)
a, \(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{19,2}{64}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(2Cu+O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CuO\)
Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Cu}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
b, Gọi CTHH của oxit là FexOy.
Có: nO (trong oxit) = 2nO2 = 0,3 (mol)
⇒ mFe = 16 - mO = 16 - 0,3.16 = 11,2 (g) \(\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{11,2}{56}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ x:y = 0,2:0,3 = 2:3
Vậy: CTHH cần tìm là Fe2O3.
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL: mM + mO2 = mMxOy
=> mM = 20,4 - 0,3.32 = 10,8(g)
\(n_M=\dfrac{10,8}{M_M}\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2xM + yO2 --to--> 2MxOy
_____\(\dfrac{10,8}{M_M}\) ->\(\dfrac{10,8y}{2x.M_M}\)
=>\(\dfrac{10,8y}{2x.M_M}=0,3\)
=> \(M_M=9.\dfrac{2y}{x}\)
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=1=>L\)
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=2=>L\)
Xét \(\dfrac{2y}{x}=3=>M_M=27\left(Al\right)\)