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Bài 1 :
Giả sử : hỗn hợp có 1 mol
\(n_{H_2}=a\left(mol\right),n_{O_2}=1-a\left(mol\right)\)
\(\overline{M_X}=0.3276\cdot29=9.5\left(\dfrac{g}{mol}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_X=2a+32\cdot\left(1-a\right)=9.5\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow a=0.75\)
Cách 1 :
\(\%H_2=\dfrac{0.75}{1}\cdot100\%=75\%\)
\(\%O_2=100-75=25\%\)
Cách 2 em tính theo thể tích nhé !
2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
Xét \(\dfrac{0,2}{2}>\dfrac{0,08}{1}\) => H2 dư, O2 hết
=> Hiệu suất phản ứng tính theo O2
\(n_{O_2\left(pư\right)}=\dfrac{0,08.75}{100}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2H2 + O2 --to--> 2H2O
____0,12<-0,06------>0,12
=> \(Y\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{O_2}=\left(0,08-0,06\right).32=0,64\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2}=\left(0,2-0,12\right).2=0,16\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2O}=0,12.18=2,16\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a, Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
Fe + 2HCl ---> FeCl2 + H2
a--->2a------------------>a
2Al + 6HCl ---> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
b---->3b-------------------->1,5b
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=16,6\\a+1,5b=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow a=b=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{\left(0,2.2+0,2.3\right).36,5}{300}.100\%=12,167\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
gọi nFe : a , nAl: b (a,b>0) => 56a + 27b = 16,6 (g)
\(pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
a a
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
b \(\dfrac{3b}{2}\)
=> \(a+\dfrac{3b}{2}=0,5\)
ta có hệ pt
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}56a+27b=16,6\\a+\dfrac{3b}{2}=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> a= 0,2 , b = 0,2
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\\m_{Al}=16,6-11,2=5,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(pthh:Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,6
=> \(m_{HCl}=\left(0,4+0,6\right).36,5=36,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{36,5}{200}.100\%=18,25\%\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,56}{22,4}=0,025\left(mol\right)\)
\(PTHH:Ba+2H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2+H_2\uparrow\)
0,025 0,025
\(BaO+H_2O\rightarrow Ba\left(OH\right)_2\)
\(\rightarrow m_{Ba}=0,025.137=3,425\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ba}=\dfrac{3,425}{6,486}=52,81\%\\\%m_{BaO}=100\%-52,81\%=47,19\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Thấy tỉ lệ số phân tử cũng là tỉ lệ mol .
a, Ta có : \(\dfrac{n_{CO}}{1}=\dfrac{n_{CO2}}{2}=\dfrac{n_{SO_2}}{5}\)
Mà tổng số mol = \(\dfrac{V}{22,4}=3,2\left(mol\right)\)
- Áp dụng dãy tính chất tỉ số bằng nhau :
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO}=0,4\\n_{CO_2}=0,8\\n_{SO_2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\) mol
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CO}=11,2\\m_{CO_2}=35,2\\m_{SO_2}=128\end{matrix}\right.\) ( g )
b, Ta có : \(\overline{M_Y}=\dfrac{m}{n}=54,5\)
\(\Rightarrow d_{\dfrac{y}{kk}}=~1,9\)
a)
Gọi $n_{CO} = a(mol) \to n_{CO_2} = 2a(mol) ; n_{SO_2} = 5a(mol)$
Ta có :
$a+ 2a + 5a = \dfrac{71,68}{22,4} = 3,2$
$\Rightarrow a = 0,4(mol)$
$m_{CO} = 0,4.28 = 11,2(gam)$
$m_{CO_2} = 0,4.2.44 = 35,2(gam)$
$m_{SO_2} = 0,4.5.64 = 128(gam)$
b)
$M_Y = \dfrac{11,2 + 35,2 + 128}{3,2} = 54,5(g/mol)$
$d_{Y/kk} = \dfrac{54,5}{29} = 1,88$
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ba + 2H2O --> Ba(OH)2 + H2
0,1<------------------------0,1
=> mBa = 0,1.137 = 13,7 (g)
=> mCu = 20 - 13,7 = 6,3 (g)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Ba}=\dfrac{13,7}{20}.100\%=68,5\%\\\%m_{Cu}=\dfrac{6,3}{20}.100\%=31,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
nO2 = \(\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Pt: 2Cu + O2 \(\rightarrow\) 2CuO
x 0,5x x
3Fe + 2O2 \(\rightarrow\) Fe3O4
y 2/3y 1/3y
Theo bài ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}64x+56y=23,2\\0,5x+\dfrac{2}{3}y=0,25\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,1\\y=0,3\end{matrix}\right.\)
mCuO = 0,1.80 = 8 g
mFe3O4 = 0,3.232 = 69,6g
=> %mCuO = \(\dfrac{8}{8+69,6}.100\%=10,3\%\)
%mFe3O4 = 100 - 10,3 = 89,7%
