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\(P=\frac{1}{a^3\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^3\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{1}{c^3\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{ac}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{ab}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\left(abc=1\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{a^2\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}\right)}+\frac{1}{b^2\left(\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)}+\frac{1}{c^2\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{1}{a^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{\frac{1}{b^2}}{\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{\frac{1}{c^2}}{\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{a}}\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{1}{a}=x\\\frac{1}{b}=y\\\frac{1}{c}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) suy ra \(xyz=1\). Khi đó:
\(P=\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y^2}{z+x}+\frac{z^2}{x+y}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix}\frac{x^2}{y+z}+\frac{y+z}{4}\ge x\\\frac{y^2}{x+z}+\frac{x+z}{4}\ge y\\\frac{z^2}{x+y}+\frac{x+y}{4}\ge z\end{matrix}\right.\).Cộng theo vế ta có:
\(P+\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge x+y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\frac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\ge3\sqrt[3]{xyz}=3\right)\)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{1-ab}=1+\frac{ab}{1-ab}\le1+\frac{ab}{1-\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}}=1+\frac{2ab}{\left(a^2+c^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)}\)
\(\le1+\frac{a.b}{\sqrt{a^2+c^2}.\sqrt{b^2+c^2}}\le1+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+c^2}+\frac{b^2}{b^2+c^2}\right)\)
Tương tự , ta chứng minh được \(\frac{1}{1-bc}\le1+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b^2}{b^2+a^2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+a^2}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{1-ac}\le1+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{c^2}{c^2+b^2}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế : \(\frac{1}{1-ab}+\frac{1}{1-bc}+\frac{1}{1-ca}\le3+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a^2+b^2}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{b^2+c^2}{b^2+c^2}+\frac{c^2+a^2}{c^2+a^2}\right)=\frac{9}{2}\)
Ta có:
\(x^5+x^4+1=\left(x^2+x-1\right)\left(x^3-x+1\right)\)
Đặt: \(x^2+x-1=p^n;x^3-x+1=p^m\)
Với \(x=1\)hoặc \(x=2\)ta đều có giá trị: \(\left(1;1;3\right)\)và \(\left(2;2;7\right)\)
\(x^3-x+1=\left(x-1\right)\left(x^2+x+1\right)-\left(x-2\right)\)(Không thỏa mãn)
Vậy \(\left(x,y,p\right)\in\left\{\left(1;1;3\right);\left(2;2;7\right)\right\}\)