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Đặt \(g\left(x\right)=f\left(x\right)+h\left(x\right)\left(1\right)\)trong đó \(h\left(x\right)=ax^2+bx+c\left(2\right)\)
Tìm \(a,b,c\)sao cho \(g\left(1\right)=g\left(2\right)=g\left(3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}g\left(1\right)=f\left(1\right)+h\left(1\right)=0\\g\left(2\right)=f\left(2\right)+h\left(2\right)=0\\g\left(3\right)=f\left(3\right)+h\left(3\right)=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}h\left(1\right)=-5\\h\left(2\right)=-11\\h\left(3\right)=-21\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=-5\\4a+2b+c=-11\\9a+3b+c=-21\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=-5\\3a+b=-6\\5a+b=-10\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=-2\\b=0\\c=-3\end{cases}}\)Thay vào (2) ta được:
\(h\left(x\right)=4x-3\)
Vì \(g\left(1\right)=g\left(2\right)=g\left(3\right)=0\)mà g(x) bậc 4 có hệ số cao nhất là 1 nên ta có
\(g\left(x\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-x_0\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=g\left(x\right)-h\left(x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-x_0\right)+4x-3\)
\(f\left(-1\right)=\left(-1-1\right)\left(-1-2\right)\left(-1-3\right)\left(-1-x_0\right)+4.\left(-1\right)-3\)
\(=-24\left(-1-x_0\right)-7\)
\(f\left(5\right)=\left(5-1\right)\left(5-2\right)\left(5-3\right)\left(5-x_0\right)+4.5-3\)
\(=24\left(5-x_0\right)+17\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(-1\right)+f\left(5\right)\)\(=-24\left(-1-x_0\right)-7+24\left(5-x_0\right)+17\)
\(=24+24x_0+120-24x_0+10\)
\(=154\)
a) \(A=\dfrac{\left(-2\right)^5}{\left(-2\right)^3}=\left(-2\right)^{5-3}=\left(-2\right)^2=4\)
b) \(y\ne0:B=\dfrac{\left(-y\right)^7}{\left(-y\right)^3}=\left(-y\right)^{7-3}=\left(-y\right)^4=y^4\)
c) \(x\ne0:C=\dfrac{\left(x\right)^{12}}{\left(-x\right)^{10}}=\left(x\right)^{12-10}=\left(x\right)^2=x^4\)
d) \(x\ne0:D=\dfrac{2x^6}{\left(2x\right)^3}=\dfrac{2x^6}{8x^3}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x\right)^{6-3}=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x\right)^3\)
e) \(x\ne0:E=\dfrac{\left(-3x\right)^5}{\left(-3x\right)^2}=\left(-3x\right)^{5-2}=\left(-3x\right)^3=-27x^3\)
f) \(x,y\ne0:F=\dfrac{\left(xy^2\right)^4}{\left(xy^2\right)^2}=\left(xy^2\right)^{4-2}=\left(xy^2\right)^2=x^2y^4\)
i) \(x\ne-2:I=\dfrac{\left(x+2\right)^9}{\left(x+2\right)^6}=\left(x+2\right)^{9-6}=\left(x+2\right)^3\)
Lời giải:
Vì $f(x)$ chia $x-3$ dư $2$, $f(x)$ chia $x+4$ dư $9$ nên $f(3)=2; f(-4)=9$
Giả sử $f(x)$ chia $x^2+x-12$ được đa thức dư là $ax+b$
Khi đó: $f(x)=(x^2+x-12)(x^2+3)+ax+b$
$f(3)=(3^2+3-12)(3^2+3)+3a+b$
$\Leftrightarrow 2=3a+b(1)$
$f(-4)=[(-4)^2-4-12][(-4)^2+3)]-4a+b$
$\Leftrightarrow 9=-4a+b(2)$
Từ $(1);(2)\Rightarrow a=-1; b=5$
$f(x)=(x^2+x-12)(x^2+3)-x+5=x^4+x^3-9x^2+2x-31$
Đặt \(g\left(x\right)=f\left(x\right)-x-1\Rightarrow g\left(2\right)=g\left(3\right)=g\left(4\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow g\left(x\right)\) có 3 nghiệm 2;3;4
\(\Rightarrow g\left(x\right)=a\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=g\left(x\right)+x+1=a\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)+x+1\)
\(f\left(5\right)=10\Rightarrow a\left(5-2\right)\left(5-3\right)\left(5-4\right)+5+1=10\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)+x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(6\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}.4.3.2+6+1=...\)