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a) nMgO=10/40=0,25(mol)
PTHH: MgO + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O
0,25_________0,5_________0,25(mol)
b)mHCl=0,5.36,5=18,25(g)
=> mddHCl=18,25/20%= 91,25(g)
c)PTHH: 2 HCl + Ba(OH)2 -> BaCl2 + 2 H2O
0,5____________0,25(mol)
=>VddBa(OH)2= 0,25/2=0,125(l)=125(ml)
Có: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1}{2}.0,2.2=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{dd.H_2SO_4.cần.dùng}=\dfrac{0,2.98.100\%}{20\%}=98\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{dd.H_2SO_4.cần.dùng}=\dfrac{98}{1,14}=85,96\left(ml\right)\)
\(n C a C O 3 = 10 100 = 0 , 1 ( m o l ) P T H H : C a C O 3 + 2 H C l → C a C l 2 + C O 2 ↑ + H 2 O ⇒ n H C l = 2 n C a C O 3 = 0 , 2 ( m o l ) ⇒ m H C l = 0 , 2 ⋅ 36 , 5 = 7 , 3 ( g )\)
\(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{7.2}{24}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot14.6\%}{36.5}=0.8\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.3.........0.6.........0.3..........0.3\)
\(n_{HCl\left(dư\right)}=0.8-0.6=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(KOH+HCl\rightarrow KCl+H_2O\)
\(0.2........0.2\)
\(V_{dd_{KOH}}=\dfrac{0.2}{2}=0.1\left(l\right)\)
\(m_{\text{dung dịch sau phản ứng}}=7.2+200-0.3\cdot2=206.6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgCl_2}=0.3\cdot95=28.5\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%MgCl_2=\dfrac{28.5}{206.6}\cdot100\%=13.8\%\)
\(C\%HCl\left(dư\right)=\dfrac{0.2\cdot36.5}{206.6}\cdot100\%=3.53\%\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4}=C_M\cdot V=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(pthh:Ca\left(OH\right)_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow CaSO_4+2H_2O\left(1\right)\)
Theo \(pthh\left(1\right):n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{n}{C_M}=\dfrac{0,4}{1}=0,4\left(l\right)\)
1.
\(Mg+H_2SO_4-->MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(MgSO_4+2NaOH-->Mg\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
\(Mg\left(OH\right)_2-->MgO+H_2O\)
\(MgO+2HCl-->MgCl_2+H_2O\)
2. \(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{200\cdot18,25}{100.36,5}=1\left(mol\right)\)
a) PTHH : \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl-->CaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Theo pthh : \(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddCa\left(OH\right)2}=\dfrac{74.0,5\cdot100}{10}=370\left(g\right)\)
b) Theo pthh : \(n_{CaCl_2}=n_{Ca\left(OH\right)2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{CaCl2}=55,5\left(g\right)\)
Áp dụng DDLBTKL :
m(dd Ca(oh)2) + m(ddHCl) = m(ddCaCl2)
=> 370 + 200 = 570 g
=> \(C\%CaCl_2=\dfrac{55,5}{570}\cdot100\%=9,74\%\)
Ta có: \(m_{HCl}=146.5\%=7,3\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{ddCa\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{0,1}{2}=0,05\left(l\right)=50\left(ml\right)\)