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Polyester is now being used for bottles. ICI, the chemicals and plastics company, believes that it is now beginning to break the grip of glass on the bottle business and thus take advantage of this huge market.
All the plastics manufacturers have been experiencing hard times as their traditional products have been doing badly world-wide for the last few years. Between 1982 and 1984 the Plastics Division of ICI had lost a hundred and twenty million dollars, and they felt that the most hopeful new market was in packaging, bottles and cans.
Since 1982 it has opened three new factories’ producing “Melinar” , the raw material from which high quality polyester bottles are made.
The polyester bottle was born in the 1970s, when soft drinks companies : like Coca Cola started selling their drinks in grant two-litre containers. Because of the build-up of the pressure of gas in these large containers, glass was unsuitable. Nor was PVC, the plastic which had been used for bottles since the 1960s, suitable for drinks with gas in them. A new plastic had to be made.
Glass is still cheaper for the smaller bottles, and will continue to be so unless oil and plastic become much cheaper, but plastic does well for the larger sizes.
Polyester bottles are virtually unbreakable. The manufacturers claim they are also lighter, less noisy when being handled, and can be re-used. Shopkeepers and other business people are unlikely to object to a change from glass to polyester, since these bottles mean few breakages, which are costly and time-consuming.The public, though, have been more difficult to persuade. ICI’s commercial department is developing different bottles with interesting shapes, to try and make them visually more attractive to the public.
The next step could be to develop a plastic which could replace tins for food. The problem here is the high temperatures necessary for cooking the food in the container.
1.Plastics of various kinds have been used for making bottles
A. since 1982.
B. since the 1970s but only for large bottles.
C. since the 1960s but not for liquids with gas in them.
D. since companies like Coca Cola first tried them.
2. Why is ICI’s Plastics Division interested in polyester for bottles?
A. The other things they make are not selling well.
B. Glass manufacturers cannot make enough new bottles.
C. They have factories which could be adapted to make it.
D. The price of oil keeps changing.
3. Why aren’t all bottles now made of polyester? (Câu này mk hk chắc)
A. The price of oil and plastic has risen.
B. It is not suitable for containing gassy drinks.
C. The public like traditional glass bottles.
D. Shop keepers dislike re-usable bottles.
4. Manufacturers think polyester bottles are better than glass bottles because they
A. are cheaper.
B. are more suited to small sizes.
C. are more exciting to look at.
D. do not break easily.
5. Plastic containers for holding food in the same way as cans
A. have been used for many years.
B. are an idea that interests the plastics companies.
C. are possible, but only for hot food.
D. are the first things being made in the new factories.
each year, on September 22th people in over 1500 cities in 40 countries ảound the globe celebrate World Carfree day. This annual event, which is coordinated by the World Car Network in Parague and supported. by the European Union and the United Nations, aim to raise awareness of ....the..... problems caused by put dependence on private cars. Streets are closed to traffic and opened instead to street parties, theater, bicycles demonstrations or ourdoor cafe, in order to show people what your city might loook like ......if..... there were fewer or no cars. Over one hundred milion people are believe to take ......part..... in the celebration, though this figure is difficulty to verify.
The hope of the organizers is that the initiative will serve as a catalyst and lead to more permanent changes ......which...... will promote and encourage more environmentally friendly alternatives to the car, .....such....... as walking, cycling, and public transport. ...........However............, with increasing globe car production and a world which .....is...... grown used to the benefits of private transport, skeptics of the event say the battle is already lost. One can only hope they are wrong and even if it is unlikely we will see cities ........without........ any cars at all, people may at least begin to change their habits and leave their car at home more often
Đáp án: A
Thông tin: On the day, most shops open extremely early and offer promotional sales to boost the consumption, which is similar to Boxing Day after Christmas Day in Britain and many Commonwealth nations.
Dịch: Vào ngày này, hầu hết các cửa hàng mở cửa cực kỳ sớm và cung cấp doanh số khuyến mại để tăng mức tiêu thụ, tương tự như Ngày Boxing sau Ngày Giáng sinh ở Anh và nhiều quốc gia Khối thịnh vượng chung.
Complete the following text by writing ONE suitable preposition in each gap.
Cotton was cultivated in pakistan about 3,000 BC. It was also grown in Central America. Later it was also grown _on_ Iraq and Egypt. The Industrial Revolution made cotton uch cheaper. In 1771 Richard Arkwright opened a cotton-spinning mill with a machine called a water frame, which was powered__from___ a water mill. Then, in 1779, Samuel Crompton invented a new cotton-spinning machine called a spinning mule. Finally, in 1785 Edmund Cartwright invented a loom that could be powered by a steam engine. In 1794 American Eli Whitney patented the cotton gin. As a result__from_ these new inventions cotton production boomed.
In 1884 Count Hilaire de Chardonnet made the first artificial fibre, from plant cellulose. In the following chemists invented new ways of making fibres__for___ cellulose and by the 1920s they were common. The name rayon was invented in 1924.
Nylon was first made in 1935 by Wallace Carothers. Nylon stockings went__off sale in 1940. Terylene was invented by British scientist John Rex Whinfield and James Tennant Dickson in 1941. Spandex was invented by Joseph Shivers in 1958. It was first manufactured in 1962
At sixteen Henry Vincent was separated from his family as a result of the war. He wandered aimlessly from one country to another 1 before finally settling down in Australia, 2 where he trained AS an electronics engineer. He established HIS own business but it called for so much work that marriage was out of the 3 question.
His retirement suddenly made him realise how lonely he was and he decided to 5 take up a hobby. Whit his interest in electronics, amateur radio seemed a natural choice. He installed his own equipment and obtained a license and his call sign, which is the set of letters and numbers used to identify oneself when making radio contact 6 with other radio amateurs all around the world.
Soon Henry had a lot of contacts in far-off places. One in particular was a man in California with 7 whom he had much in common. One night the man in California made to mention the village in Europe he had come from. Suddenly, Henry realised that this man was in fact his younger brother, Peter. At first, the two brothers were at a 8 loss for words but then little by little they filled 9 in the details of their past lives and not long afterwards Henry Vincent flew to California to 10 be reunited with his brother.
Language is a means of communication so each nation has its own language. However some nations have the same language. According to the speakers' use of language, it is called the first, second or foreign language. Among the languages used by most people in the world is English. This does not mean that English is spoken by greater number of speakers than any other languages, for it is easily outnemberred by Chinese in this respect. However, it is the most international of languages because it provides ready access to the world scholarship and world trade. That is the reason why millions of men and women try to master it.
50.I remember the day when I was afraid to use my new computer 51.I work in an office where the software changes frequently.
52. The secretary who sits at the first desk on the right gives you information.
53. The Southam Chess Club which has more than 50 members meets weekly on Friday evenings.
54. My son is very intelligent whose friends all are good citizens.
55. Lan wholives near my parents’ house is my classmate.
56. The young man who is Ba’s brother is talking to our teacher.
57. We visited the monument which The famous engineer built more than 50 years ago.
58. The victims of the club who were hafl-starved for many days need help
59. The baby who was lifted and put down a hundred meters away by the tornado was still alive.
60. Ninety per cent of the earthquakes occur around the Pacific Rim which is known as the Ring of Fire.
61. In the 1960s, a huge tidal wave which traveled from California to Alaska hit Anchorage.
62. The weather forecast program takes place at 8:00 pm every day which some people like to watch
63. Hoa’ s parents buy a lot of candles and food which They’ ll use in case the market is closed because of the hurricane.
64. Mr Phong who has been teaching in our school for ten years is our geography teacher.
65. A typhoon which can cause great destruction is a violent tropical storm
66. Violent tropical storms which reach 120 kilometers per hour are called hurricane in America.
67. Mr. Tuan teaches us chemistry whose friends are also my friends’ father.
68. The children who saw them at the circus talked about the clowns and his animals.
69. The tornado which lifted the houses off the ground struck with a great force.
70. My classmates had so much fun at the carnival where they wanted to go again
71. Lan who wanted to buy some drink took some change.
72. The boys are very interested in football which is a popular games all over the world.
73. The tourists who went to see the Great Wall and the old Kingdom in Beijing visited China.
74. Her grandma who was interested in the newsreel wanted to listened to the news on TV.
75. Dolphins who often swim with other fish are sometimes caught and killed in fishing nets.
76. This is the simple house where Uncle Ho had lived for a long time ago.
77. Mrs Lien is very smart whose son I met on the stage last night.
78. Mr. Quang is a famous cheft cook whose food can be enjoyed all over the wold.
79. Phong who looked really beautiful in her costumes met that movie star in the perform.
80. Children which can cause toothache if they have too much everyday like to eat ice-cream
81. Thu who had a headache wants to drink some medicine.
82. Lan went back home whose child was seriously ill after the rain.
83. Mr. Tuan who is our gymmaster is very tall and thin.
84. The lady in black is a famous writer whom You met at the party last night.
85. The little boy who is crying over there lost his way.
86. The children are playing soccer in the stadium whom do you know ?
87. The river which flows through Ho Chi Minh city is the Saigon river.
88. Mona which has been popular for long was painted by Leonardo De Vinci.
89. SaPa is a famous city which Many visitors travel to for their holiday.
90. Easter is a festival when People will have a lot of in occasion.
91. Quynh Dao is a famous writer whose works are widely read all over the world.
92. Nam is an excellent student whose father’ s death made him sad a lot.
93. Teacher’ s Day is a day when All the students show their gratitude to their teacher
94. Australia which consists of many kind of animals all over the world is a continent.
95. Vu Quoc Viet is a famous artist whose works I love very much.
96. Ha Noi is an ancient city which Many customs are still on lovely
97. Kim Lien is a village where Ho Chi Minh was born and lived
98. Mai who studies very well is my friend.
99. This book is very cheap which I bought last week.
100. That house is lovely which I live in last year
Coca-cola is enjoyed all over the world and it... are sold.. ( sell ) in over one hundred and sixty countries.The drink was inventend by Dr John Pemberton in Atlanta as a health drink on 8 May 1886. His partner ,frank robinson, ..gave .. ( give ) it the name Coca-Cola.In the frist year, they only ..sold.. ( sell ) nine drinks a day.
The business was bought by a man called Asa Candler in 1888,and the first factory was opened in dallas,texas,in 1895. Coca-Cola is still made there. They ..have produced..( produce ) billions of bottles and cans since 1895.