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Có (a-b)^2 >=0
<=> a^2 + b^2 >= 2ab (1) ( với mọi a,b)
Tương tự có b^2 + c^2 >= 2bc(2)
c^2 + a^2 >= 2ca(3)
Cộng vế theo vế của (1),(2) và (3) ta có : 2.(a^2+b^2+c^2)>= 2.(ab+bc+ca)
<=> 2.(a^2+b^2+c^2) +a^2+b^2+c^2 >= a^2+b^2+c^2+2.(ab+bc+ca)
<=>3.(a^2+b^2+c^2)>= (a+b+c)^2
<=> a^2+b^2+c^2 >= (a+b+c)^2/3
Áp dụng bđt trên thì x^2+y^2+z^2 >= (x+y+z)^2/3 = 1/3 => ĐPCM
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z=1/3
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ta co 3(x2+y2+z2)-3(x+y+z)<=4
de dang chung minh bdt 3(x2+y2+z2)>=(x+y+z)2
ap dung bat dang thuc ta co
3(x2+y2+z2)-(x+y+z)>=(x+y+z)2-3(x+y+z)
=>(x+y+z)2-3(x+y+z)-4<=0
=>(x+y+z+1)(x+y+z-4)<=0
=>-1<=x+y+z=<4 (dpcm)
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Ta có:
\(B=\frac{2x^3+x^2+2x+4}{2x+1}=\frac{x^2.\left(2x+1\right)+2x+1+3}{2x+1}\)
\(B=\frac{\left(2x+1\right).\left(x^2+1\right)+3}{2x+1}\)
\(B=\frac{\left(2x+1\right).\left(x^2+1\right)}{2x+1}+\frac{3}{2x+1}\)
\(B=x^2+1+\frac{3}{2x+1}\)
Do x nguyên nên x2 + 1 nguyên
Để B nguyên thì \(\frac{3}{2x+1}\) nguyên
\(\Rightarrow3⋮2x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow2x\in\left\{0;-2;2;-4\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{0;-1;1;-2\right\}\)
Vậy \(x\in\left\{0;-1;1;-2\right\}\)
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\(x^2+1\ge2x\) ; \(y^2+1\ge2y\); \(z^2+1\ge2z\)
\(2x^2+2y^2+2z^2\ge2xy+2yz+2zx\)
Cộng vế với vế các BĐT trên:
\(3x^2+3y^2+3z^3+3\ge2\left(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\right)=12\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{12-3}{3}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Với mọi x;y;z ta luôn có:
\(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2zx\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2\ge2xy+2yz+2zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3x^2+3y^2+3z^2\ge x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge\left(x+y+z\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge\frac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2=\frac{1}{3}\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A=\dfrac{3x^2-9x+x-3+2}{x-3}\)
\(B=\dfrac{x^2\left(x+2\right)+5\left(x+2\right)}{\left(x+2\right)^2}=\dfrac{x^2+5}{x+2}=x-2+\dfrac{9}{x+2}\)
Để A và B cùng là số nguyên thì
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-3\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2\right\}\\x+2\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3;9;-9\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\in\left\{4;2;5;1\right\}\\x\in\left\{-1;-3;1;-5;7;-11\right\}\end{matrix}\right.\)
hay x=1
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a, \(A=\dfrac{2x^3+x^2+2x+4}{2x+1}\\ =\dfrac{2x^3+x^2+2x+1+3}{2x+1}\\ =\dfrac{\left(2x+1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)+3}{2x+1}\\ =x^2+1+\dfrac{3}{2x+1}\)
Để \(A\in Z\) thì \(2x+1\inƯ\left(3\right)\)= \(\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
=> \(2x\in\left\{-4;-2;0;2\right\}\) \(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;-1;0;1\right\}\)
b, Để A vô nghĩa thì 2x+1=0 \(\Leftrightarrow\)x=\(\dfrac{-1}{2}\)
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a/ +) \(\dfrac{x}{3}=\dfrac{y}{4}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{12}\)\(\left(1\right)\)
+) \(\dfrac{y}{3}=\dfrac{z}{5}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{20}\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)+\left(2\right)\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{9}=\dfrac{y}{12}=\dfrac{z}{20}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x}{18}=\dfrac{3y}{36}=\dfrac{z}{20}\)
Theo t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có :
\(\dfrac{2x}{18}=\dfrac{3y}{36}=\dfrac{z}{20}=\dfrac{2x-3y+z}{18-36+20}=\dfrac{6}{2}=3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{9}=3\\\dfrac{y}{12}=3\\\dfrac{z}{20}=3\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=27\\y=36\\z=60\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ..
b/ \(2x=3y=5z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x}{30}=\dfrac{3y}{30}=\dfrac{5z}{30}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{10}=\dfrac{z}{6}\)
Theo t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau tcos :
\(\dfrac{x}{15}=\dfrac{y}{10}=\dfrac{z}{6}=\dfrac{x+y-z}{15+10-6}=\dfrac{95}{19}=5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{x}{15}=5\\\dfrac{y}{10}=5\\\dfrac{z}{6}=5\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=75\\y=50\\z=30\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy..
c/ tương tự