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vì bài dài quá nên mình làm từng bài 1 nhé
1. Ta thấy : \(\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{n^3-n}=\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\frac{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]\)
Do đó :
\(B< \frac{1}{2}.\left[\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right]< \frac{1}{2}.\frac{1}{6}=\frac{1}{12}\)
2.
Nhận xét : \(1+\frac{1}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)
Do đó :
\(A=\frac{2^2}{1.3}.\frac{3^2}{2.4}.\frac{4^2}{3.5}...\frac{\left(n+1\right)^2}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{1.2...n}.\frac{2.3...\left(n+1\right)}{3.4...\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{n+1}{1}.\frac{2}{n+2}< 2\)
a; A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{4^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{6^2}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
A = \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\).(\(\dfrac{1}{1^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3^2}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{n^2}\))
A = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(\(\dfrac{1}{1}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2.2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{3.3}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{n.n}\))
Vì \(\dfrac{1}{2.2}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\); \(\dfrac{1}{3.3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\); ...; \(\dfrac{1}{n.n}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
nên A < \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(\(\dfrac{1}{1}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{1.2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\))
A < \(\dfrac{1}{4.}\)(1 + \(\dfrac{1}{1}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{n-1}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\))
A < \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(1 + 1 - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\))
A < \(\dfrac{1}{4}\).(2 - \(\dfrac{1}{n}\))
A < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{4n}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2}\) (đpcm)
Từ "lạc trôi" có nghĩa là gì trong câu:
"Mây bềnh bồng lạc trôi/mượt mà như tuổi ngọc."
\(=\left[\dfrac{\left(a-1\right)^2}{a^2+a+1}+\dfrac{2a^2-4a-1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{a-1}\right]:\dfrac{2a}{3}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3-3a^2+3a-1+2a^2-4a-1+a^2+a+1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2a}\)
\(=\dfrac{a^3-1}{\left(a-1\right)\left(a^2+a+1\right)}\cdot\dfrac{3}{2a}=\dfrac{3}{2a}\)
Ta có: \(\left(2a+1\right)^2>\left(2a+1\right)^2-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2a+1\right)^2>2a.\left(2a+2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(2a+1\right)^2}< \frac{1}{2a.\left(2a+2\right)}\)(*)
ĐẶT \(A=\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{5^2}+...+\frac{1}{\left(2a+1\right)^2}\)
Áp dụng (*), ta có:
\(A< \frac{1}{2.4}+\frac{1}{4.6}+...+\frac{1}{2a.\left(2a+2\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{2.4}+\frac{2}{4.6}+...+\frac{2}{2a.\left(2a+2\right)}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{2a}-\frac{1}{2a+2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2a+2}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A< \frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4a+4}< \frac{1}{4}\)
Vậy ..........
Có : 3^2 = 2.4+1
5^2 = 4.6 +1
..........
(2a+1)^2 = 2a.(2a+2)+1
=> VT < 1/2.4 + 1/4.6 + .... + 1/2a.(2a+2)
2VT < 2/2.4 + 2/4.6 + .... + 2/2a.(2a+2)
= 1/2 - 1/4 + 1/4 - 1/6 + ..... 1/2a - 1/2a+2 = 1/2 - 1/2a+2 < 1/2
=> VT < 1/2 (ĐPCM)