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Đặt \(a=x,b=\frac{1}{x}\) thì ta có ab = 1
\(a-b=x-\frac{1}{x}=\frac{x^2-1}{x}=\frac{\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)}{x}\). Vì \(x>1\) nên ta có \(a-b>0\)
\(3\left(a^2-b^2\right)< 2\left(a^3-b^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)< 2\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)>\frac{3}{2}\left(a+b\right)\) (chia cả hai vế cho \(a-b>0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-\frac{3}{2}a+\frac{9}{16}\right)+\left(b^2-\frac{3}{2}b+\frac{9}{16}\right)+\frac{7}{8}>0\)(vì ab = 1)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-\frac{3}{4}\right)^2+\left(b-\frac{3}{4}\right)^2+\frac{7}{8}>0\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy có đpcm.
1)
+) Ta có
\(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2-2ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\) ( đpcm )
+ ) Theo phần trên
\(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+2ab\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow ab\le\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\) ( đpcm )
2,
Ta có: \(5\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)-9x\left(y+z\right)-18yz=0\Leftrightarrow5x^2-9x\left(y+z\right)+5\left(y+z\right)^2=28yz\le7\left(y+z\right)^2\)\(\Leftrightarrow5x^2-9x\left(y+z\right)-2\left(y+z\right)^2\le0\Leftrightarrow5\left(\frac{x}{y+z}\right)^2-9.\frac{x}{y+z}-2\le0\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left(5.\frac{x}{y+z}+1\right)\left(\frac{x}{y+z}-2\right)\le0\Leftrightarrow\frac{x}{y+z}\le2\)(Do \(5.\frac{x}{y+z}+1>0\forall x,y,z>0\))
\(\Rightarrow E=\frac{2x-y-z}{y+z}=2.\frac{x}{y+z}-1\le2.2-1=3\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(y=z=\frac{x}{4}\)
Đặt \(x=\left[x\right]+\left\{x\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[3x\right]=\left[3\left[x\right]+3\left\{x\right\}\right]=3\left[x\right]+\left[3\left\{x\right\}\right]\)
\(\left[x+\frac{2}{3}\right]=\left[\left[x\right]+\left\{x\right\}+\frac{2}{3}\right]=\left[x\right]+\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{2}{3}\right]\)
\(\left[x+\frac{1}{3}\right]=\left[x\right]+\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{1}{3}\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[x+\frac{2}{3}\right]+\left[x+\frac{1}{3}\right]+\left[x\right]=3\left[x\right]+\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{2}{3}\right]+\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{1}{3}\right]\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\left[3\left\{x\right\}\right]=\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{2}{3}\right]+\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{1}{3}\right]\)
- Nếu \(\frac{2}{3}\le\left\{x\right\}< 1\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2\le\left[3\left\{x\right\}\right]< 3\\1\le\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{2}{3}\right]< 2\\1\le\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{1}{3}\right]< 2\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[3\left\{x\right\}\right]=2\\\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{2}{3}\right]=1\\\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{1}{3}\right]=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[3\left\{x\right\}\right]=\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{2}{3}\right]+\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{1}{3}\right]\)
- Nếu \(\frac{1}{3}\le\left\{x\right\}< \frac{2}{3}\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1\le\left[3\left\{x\right\}\right]< 2\\1\le\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{2}{3}\right]< 2\\0\le\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{1}{3}\right]< 1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[3\left\{x\right\}\right]=1\\\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{2}{3}\right]=1\\\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{1}{3}\right]=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[3\left\{x\right\}\right]=\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{2}{3}\right]+\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{1}{3}\right]\)
- Nếu \(0< \left\{x\right\}< \frac{1}{3}\) tương tự trên ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left[3\left\{x\right\}\right]=0\\\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{2}{3}\right]=0\\\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{1}{3}\right]=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left[3\left\{x\right\}\right]=\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{2}{3}\right]+\left[\left\{x\right\}+\frac{1}{3}\right]\)