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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxky:
$(a^4+b^4)(1+1)\geq (a^2+b^2)^2\Rightarrow a^4+b^4\geq \frac{(a^2+b^2)^2}{2}$
$(a^2+b^2)(1+1)\geq (a+b)^2\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\geq \frac{(a+b)^2}{2}$
Do đó:
$a^4+b^4\geq \frac{(a+b)^4}{8}$
$\Rightarrow 8(a^4+b^4)\geq (a+b)^4$ (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b$
$\Rightarrow
\(8\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^4\)
\(\Rightarrow8a^4+8b^4\ge\left(a+b\right)^4\)
\(\Rightarrow8\left(a^2\right)^2+8\left(b^2\right)^2\ge\left(a+b\right)^4\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^4=b^4+4ab^3+6a^2b^2+4a^3+b+a^4\)
\(\Rightarrow8\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)^4\)(đpcm)
P/s: dấu "=" chỉ xảy ra khi a = b = 1.
a ) CM : \(a^4+b^4\ge a^3b+b^3a\)
Giả sử điều cần c/m là đúng
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4-a^3b-b^3a\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a^3-b^3\right)\left(a-b\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
Ta có : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\\a^2+ab+b^2=\left(a+\dfrac{b}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3b^2}{4}\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4-a^3b-b^3a\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4\ge a^3b+b^3a\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge a^4+a^3b+b^4+b^3a\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge\left(a+b\right)\left(a^3+b^3\right)\)
\(\left(đpcm\right)\)
b ) \(\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
\(=a^4+a^3b+a^3c+b^3a+b^4+b^3c+c^3a+c^3b+c^4\)
\(=\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)+\left(a^3b+b^3a\right)+\left(b^3c+c^3b\right)+\left(a^3c+c^3a\right)\)
CMTT như a ) : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a^4+b^4\ge a^3b+b^3a\\b^4+c^4\ge b^3c+c^3b\\a^4+c^4\ge a^3c+c^3a\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\ge a^3b+b^3a+b^3c+c^3b+a^3c+c^3a\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\ge a^4+b^4+c^4+a^3b+b^3a+b^3c+c^3b+a^3c+c^3a\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\ge\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)
BĐT tương đương với :
\(3a^4+3b^4+3c^4-\left(a^4+a^3b+a^3c+b^4+ab^3+b^3c+ac^3+bc^3+c^4\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^4+b^4-a^3b-ab^3\right)+\left(b^4+c^4-b^3c-bc^3\right)+\left(a^4+c^4-a^3c-ac^3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)+\left(b-c\right)^2\left(b^2+bc+c^2\right)+\left(a-c\right)^2\left(a^2+ac+c^2\right)\ge0\)
BĐT cần chứng minh tương đương với:
\(3a^4+3b^4+3c^4\ge a^4+b^4+c^4+ab^3+bc^3+ca^3+a^3b+b^3c+c^3a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^4+2b^4+2c^4-ab^3-bc^3-ca^3-a^3b-b^3c-c^3a\ge0\)
Theo AM - GM ta dễ có:
\(a^4+a^4+a^4+b^4\ge4\sqrt[4]{a^{12}b^4}=4a^3b\)
\(b^4+b^4+b^4+c^4\ge4\sqrt[4]{b^{12}c^4}=4b^3c\)
\(c^4+c^4+c^4+a^4\ge4\sqrt[4]{c^{12}a^4}=4c^3a\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta có đpcm
Ta có:(a10+b10)(a2+b2)-(a8+b8)(a4+b4)
=a12+b12+a2b10+a10b2-a12-b12-a8b4-a4b8
=a2b2(a8+b8-a6b2-a2b6)
=a2b2[a6(a2-b2)-b6(a2-b2)]
=a2b2(a2-b2)(a6-b6)
=a2b2(a2-b2)(a2-b2)(a4+a2b2+b4)
=a2b2(a2-b2)2(a4+a2b2+b4)
Do a2b2\(\ge\)0 với mọi a;b
(a2-b2)2\(\ge\)0 với mọi a;b
a4+a2b2+b4>0 với mọi a;b(bình phương thiếu)
=>a2b2(a2-b2)2(a4+a2b2+b4)\(\ge\)0 với mọi a;b
=>(a10+b10)(a2+b2)\(\ge\)(a8+b8)(a4+b4)
Ta có bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopski : \(\left(a^2+b^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge\left(ax+by\right)^2\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(\dfrac{a}{x}=\dfrac{b}{y}\)
\(\left[\left(a^5\right)^2+\left(b^5\right)^2\right]\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a^6+b^6\right)^2\) (1)
\(\left[\left(a^4\right)^2+\left(b^4\right)^2\right]\left[\left(a^2\right)^2+\left(b^2\right)^2\right]\ge\left(a^6+b^6\right)^2\) (2)
Trừ từng vế của 2 bất đẳng thức (1)(2) ta dược : \(\left[\left(a^5\right)^2+\left(b^5\right)^2\right]\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left[\left(a^4\right)^2+\left(b^4\right)^2\right]\left[\left(a^2\right)^2+\left(b^2\right)^2\right]\ge\left(a^6+b^6\right)^2-\left(a^6+b^6\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a^{10}+b^{10}\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)-\left(a^8+b^8\right)\left(a^4+b^4\right)\) \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\left(a^{10}+b^{10}\right)\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\left(a^8+b^8\right)\left(a^4+b^4\right)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b
(a+b+c)(a3+b3+c3)
=a4+a3b+a3c+ab3+b4+b3c+ac3+bc3+c4
=a4+b4+c4+(a3b+ab3)+(bc3+b3c)+(c3a+ca3)
=a4+b4+c4+ab(a2+b2)+bc(b2+c2)+ca(c2+a2)
=(a4+b4+c4)+ab(a2+b2)+bc(b2+c2)+ca(c2+a2)
P/s đến đây bạn áp đụng bđt thức bunhi a là ra
(a+b+c) (a3+b3+c3)
=a4+a3b+a3c+ab3+b4+b3c+ac3+bc3+c4
=a4+b4+c4+(a3b+ab3)+(bc3+b3c)+(c3a+ca3)
=a4+b4+c4+ab(a2+b2)+bc(b2+c2)+ca(c2+a2)
=(a4+b4+c4)+ab(a2+b2)+bc(b2+c2)+ca(c2+a2)
\(a.\) Ta có : \(\left(a-b\right)^2\) ≥ \(0\) ∀\(ab\)
⇔ \(a^2+b^2\text{ ≥}2ab\)
\(\text{⇔}a^4+2a^2b^2+b^4\text{≥}4a^2b^2\)
\(\text{⇔}a^4+b^4\text{≥}2a^2b^2\)
\(\text{⇔}a^4+b^4\text{≥ }\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2\)
Cmtt , \(a^2+b^2\text{≥ }\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2 \)
⇒ \(a^4+b^4\text{≥ }\dfrac{1}{8}\left(a+b\right)^4\)