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a/ \(\frac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}=\frac{1}{n^3-n}>\frac{1}{n^3}\)
b/ \(\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}=\frac{1}{n^3+3n^2+2n}< \frac{1}{n^3}\)
c/ Ap dụng câu b ta được
\(\frac{1}{2^3}+\frac{1}{3^3}+...+\frac{1}{2006^3}>\frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+...+\frac{1}{2006.2007.2008}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+...+\frac{1}{2006.2007}-\frac{1}{2007.2008}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{2007.2008}\right)>\frac{1}{12}>\frac{1}{15}\)
1) Tính C
\(C=\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+\frac{3}{4!}+....+\frac{n-1}{n!}\)
\(=\frac{2-1}{2!}+\frac{3-1}{3!}+\frac{4-1}{4!}+...+\frac{n-1}{n!}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{1}{2!}-\frac{1}{3!}+\frac{1}{3!}-\frac{1}{4!}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)!}-\frac{1}{n!}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{n!}\)
3) a) Ta có : \(P=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{199}-\frac{1}{200}\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}-2\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+...+\frac{1}{200}\right)\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}-1-\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}-...-\frac{1}{100}\)
\(=\frac{1}{101}+\frac{1}{102}+....+\frac{1}{199}+\frac{1}{200}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Xét \(x^n-x=x\left(x^{n-1}-1\right)\)
Vì \(0< x< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow x^{n-1}-1< 0;x>0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^n-x< 0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^n< x\)
2)Tích 2 số tự nhiên liên tiếp chia hết cho 2 hay n(n+1) chia hết cho 2.
Bây h ta cần CM 1 trong 3 số chia hết cho 3:
_n=3k(k là số tn) thì n chia hết cho 3(đpcm)
_n=3k+1 thì 2n+1=2(3k+1)+1=6k+2+1=6k+3 chia hết cho 3(đpcm)
_n=3k+2 thì n+1=3k+2+!=3k+3(đpcm)
Vậy n(n+1)(2n+1) chia hết cho 6
Bài làm :
Ta có :
\(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+\frac{3}{4!}+...+\frac{n}{\left(n+1\right)!}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{3}{1.2.3.4}+...+\frac{n}{1.2.3...\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2-1}{1.2}+\frac{3-1}{1.2.3}+\frac{4-1}{1.2.3.4}+...+\frac{n+1-1}{1.2.3...\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{1.2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{1.2.3.4..n}-\frac{1}{1.2.3.4...\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{1.2.3.4...\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\text{Vì : }\frac{1}{1.2.3.4...\left(n+1\right)}>0\Rightarrow1-\frac{1}{1.2.3.4...\left(n+1\right)}< 1\)
=> Điều phải chứng minh
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2!}+\frac{2}{3!}+\frac{3}{4!}+...+\frac{n}{\left(n+1\right)!}=\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{2}{1.2.3}+\frac{3}{1.2.3.4}+...+\frac{n}{1.2.3...\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2-1}{1.2}+\frac{3-1}{1.2.3}+\frac{4-1}{1.2.3.4}+...+\frac{n+1-1}{1.2.3....\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{1.2}-\frac{1}{1.2.3}+\frac{1}{1.2.3}-\frac{1}{1.2.3.4}+...+\frac{1}{1.2.3.4..n}-\frac{1}{1.2.3.4...\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{1.2.3.4...\left(n+1\right)}< 1\left(\text{đpcm}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1\cdot2};\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2\cdot3};\frac{1}{4^2}< \frac{1}{3\cdot4}.....;\frac{1}{n^2}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+\frac{1}{3\cdot4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}=1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\\ =1-\frac{1}{n}< 1\\ \Rightarrow A< 1\)
Ta có : \(\dfrac{1}{2^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2};\dfrac{1}{3^2}< \dfrac{1}{2.3};\dfrac{1}{4^2}< \dfrac{1}{3.4};...;\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right).n}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}< 1\)
Vậy \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1\)
\(CMR:\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{n+n}< \frac{3}{4}\)
ta có
\(\frac{1}{n+k}+\frac{1}{n+\left(n+1-k\right)}< \frac{3}{2n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3k^2< 3nk+n+3k\)luôn đúng zới zới k=1,2,...,n
zới \(k=1,=>\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+n}< \frac{3}{2n}\)
\(zới\left(k=2,=>\frac{1}{n+2}+\frac{1}{n+\left(n-1\right)}< \frac{3}{2n}\right)\)
zới \(k=n,=>\frac{1}{n+n}+\frac{1}{n+1}< \frac{3}{2n}\)
cộng theo từng zế của bất đẳng thức trên ta đc
\(2\left(\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{n+1n}\right)< \frac{3}{2n}+\frac{3}{2n}+..+\frac{3}{2n}=\frac{3n}{2n}=\frac{3}{2}\)
\(=>\frac{1}{n+1}+\frac{1}{n+2}+...+\frac{1}{n+n}< \frac{3}{4}\left(dpcm\right)\)