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Ta có :
\(B=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+........+\dfrac{1}{63}\)
Ta thấy :
\(1=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}=\dfrac{1}{1+1}+\dfrac{1}{1+2}< \dfrac{2}{1+1}=\dfrac{2}{2}=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}=\dfrac{1}{3+1}+\dfrac{1}{3+2}+\dfrac{1}{3+3}+\dfrac{1}{3+4}< \dfrac{4}{3+1}=\dfrac{4}{4}=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{15}=\dfrac{1}{7+1}+\dfrac{1}{7+2}+....+\dfrac{1}{7+8}< \dfrac{8}{7+1}=\dfrac{8}{8}=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{17}+...+\dfrac{1}{31}=\dfrac{1}{15+1}+\dfrac{1}{15+2}+...+\dfrac{1}{15+16}< \dfrac{16}{15+1}=\dfrac{16}{16}=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{32}+\dfrac{1}{33}+...+\dfrac{1}{63}=\dfrac{1}{31+1}+\dfrac{1}{31+2}+...+\dfrac{1}{31+32}< \dfrac{32}{31+1}=\dfrac{32}{32}=1\)
\(\Rightarrow B< 1+1+....+1\) (\(6\) số 1)
\(\Rightarrow B>6\rightarrowđpcm\)
Để chứng minh 3<S<6, ta cần tính giá trị của biểu thức S và thấy xem nó có nằm trong khoảng (3, 6) hay không.
Đầu tiên, ta tính tổng S bằng cách đặt S bên cạnh tổng harmonic thứ 63, rồi trừ đi tổng harmonic thứ 62:
S = 1/1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/63 S - 1/2 = 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/63
Lặp lại phương pháp trên đối với S - 1/2, ta có:
S - 1/2 - 1/3 = 1/3 + ... + 1/63
Cứ lặp lại phương pháp trên đến khi ta được:
S - 1/2 - 1/3 - ... - 1/62 = 1/63
Tổng quát lại, ta có:
S - 1/2 - 1/3 - ... - 1/62 - 1/63 = 0
Từ đây suy ra:
3/2 < 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/62 + 1/63 < 1 + 1/2 + 1/3 + ... + 1/62 < 6
Vì vậy, ta có:
3 < S < 6
Vậy, ta đã chứng minh được rằng 3<S<6.
\(C=\dfrac{2}{15}+\dfrac{2}{35}+\dfrac{2}{63}+...+\dfrac{2}{399}\)
\(C=\dfrac{2}{3.5}+\dfrac{2}{5.7}+\dfrac{2}{7.9}+...+\dfrac{2}{19.21}\)
\(C=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{19}-\dfrac{1}{21}\)
\(C=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{21}\)
\(C=\dfrac{2}{7}\)
Câu a :
Chưa nghĩ ra! Sorry nhé!!
Câu b :
Câu hỏi của Trần Thùy Linh - Toán lớp 6 | Học trực tuyến
Câu c :
Câu hỏi của Trần Thùy Linh - Toán lớp 6 | Học trực tuyến
Vào link đó mà xem, t ngại chép lại
1. Tính nhanh:
\(\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{12}+\dfrac{1}{20}+\dfrac{1}{30}+\dfrac{1}{42}+\dfrac{1}{56}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+\dfrac{1}{4.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.6}+\dfrac{1}{6.7}+\dfrac{1}{7.8}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{6}-\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(=\dfrac{3}{8}\)
2. Tính nhanh
Đặt \(A\) = \(\dfrac{1}{15}+\dfrac{1}{35}+\dfrac{1}{63}+\dfrac{1}{99}+\dfrac{1}{143}\)
\(A\) \(=\dfrac{1}{3.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.7}+\dfrac{1}{7.9}+\dfrac{1}{9.11}+\dfrac{1}{11.13}\)
\(2A=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{7}-\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{11}+\dfrac{1}{11}-\dfrac{1}{13}\)
\(2A=\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{13}\)
\(2A=\dfrac{10}{39}\)
\(A=\dfrac{10}{39}:2\)
\(A=\dfrac{5}{39}\)
Gọi \(1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{63}\) là \(S\)
\(S=1+\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{8}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{17}+\dfrac{1}{18}+...+\dfrac{1}{32}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{33}+\dfrac{1}{34}+...+\dfrac{1}{63}+\dfrac{1}{64}\right)-\dfrac{1}{64}\\ =\left(1-\dfrac{1}{64}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}+\dfrac{1}{8}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{10}+...+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{17}+\dfrac{1}{18}+...+\dfrac{1}{32}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{33}+\dfrac{1}{34}+...+\dfrac{1}{63}+\dfrac{1}{64}\right)\)
Ta nhận thấy:
\(\dfrac{1}{3}\) lớn hơn \(\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{5},\dfrac{1}{6},\dfrac{1}{7}\) đều lớn hơn \(\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{9},\dfrac{1}{10},...,\dfrac{1}{15}\) đều lớn hơn \(\dfrac{1}{16}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{17},\dfrac{1}{18},...,\dfrac{1}{31}\) đều lớn hơn \(\dfrac{1}{32}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{33},\dfrac{1}{34},...,\dfrac{1}{63}\) đều lớn hơn \(\dfrac{1}{64}\)
\(\Rightarrow S>\left(1-\dfrac{1}{64}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}+\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{8}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{16}+...+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{32}+\dfrac{1}{32}+...+\dfrac{1}{32}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{64}+\dfrac{1}{64}+...+\dfrac{1}{64}\right)\\ S>\left(1-\dfrac{1}{64}\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\\ S>\dfrac{63}{64}+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\\ S>\dfrac{63}{64}+3>3\)Mặt khác ta có:
\(S=1+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{6}+\dfrac{1}{7}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{9}+...+\dfrac{1}{15}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{17}+...+\dfrac{1}{31}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{32}+\dfrac{1}{33}+...+\dfrac{1}{63}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3}\) bé hơn \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{5},\dfrac{1}{6},\dfrac{1}{7}\) đều bé hơn \(\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{9},\dfrac{1}{10},...,\dfrac{1}{15}\) đều bé hơn \(\dfrac{1}{8}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{17},\dfrac{1}{18},...,\dfrac{1}{31}\) đều bé hơn \(\dfrac{1}{16}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{33},\dfrac{1}{34},...,\dfrac{1}{63}\) đều bé hơn \(\dfrac{1}{32}\)
\(\Rightarrow S< 1+\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{8}+\dfrac{1}{8}+...+\dfrac{1}{8}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{16}+\dfrac{1}{16}+...+\dfrac{1}{16}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{32}+\dfrac{1}{32}+...+\dfrac{1}{32}\right)\\ S< 1+1+1+1+1+1\\ S< 6\)