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Câu 1:
Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2^2}-ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-2ab+b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\ge ab\) (1)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}-\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2a^2-2b^2-a^2-2ab-b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2-2ab-b^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
Vì \(\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)^2}{4}\ge0\forall a,b\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\ge\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow ab\le\left(\dfrac{a+b}{2}\right)^2\le\dfrac{a^2+b^2}{2}\)
5 , a3+b3+c3\(\ge\) 3abc
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a3+3a2b+3ab2+b3+c3-3a2b-3ab2-3abc\(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b)3+c3-3ab(a+b+c) \(\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b+c)(a2+2ab+b2-ac-bc+c2)-3ab(a+b+c) \(\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b+c)(a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca)\(\ge0\) (1)
ta co : a,b,c>0 \(\Rightarrow\)a+b+c>0 (2)
(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2\(\ge0\)
<=> 2a2+2b2+2c2-2ac-2cb-2ab\(\ge0\)
<=>a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ac\(\ge\) 0 (3)
Từ (1)(2)(3)=> pt luôn đúng
a)\(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\le3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge a^2+b^2+c^2+2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3a^2+3b^2+3c^2-a^2-b^2-c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^2+2b^2+2c^2-2ab-2bc-2ca\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(b^2-2bc+c^2\right)+\left(c^2-2ca+a^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2\ge0\)(luôn đúng)
b,c tương tự
d)Áp dụng bđt AM-GM ta được
\(a^4+a^4+b^4+c^4\ge4\sqrt[4]{a^4a^4b^4c^4}=4a^2bc\)
TT\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+b^4+c^4\ge4ab^2c\)
\(a^4+b^4+c^4+c^4\ge4abc^2\)
Cộng vế theo vế ta được \(4\left(a^4+b^4+c^4\right)\ge4\left(a^2bc+ab^2c+abc^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\left(đpcm\right)\)
d)
\(a^4+b^4+c^4\ge abc\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4+c^4-a^2bc-ab^2c-abc^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2a^4+2b^4+2c^4-2a^2bc-2ab^2c-2abc^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+2a^2b^2+\left(b^2-c^2\right)^2+2b^2c^2+\left(c^2-a^2\right)^2+2a^2c^2-2a^2bc-2b^2ac-2c^2ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+\left(b^2-c^2\right)^2+\left(c^2-a^2\right)^2+\left(a^2b^2+b^2c^2-2b^2ac\right)+\left(b^2c^2+c^2a^2-2c^2abc\right)+\left(a^2b^2+c^2a^2-2a^2ab\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+\left(b^2-c^2\right)^2+\left(c^2-a^2\right)^2+\left(ab-bc\right)^2+\left(bc-ac\right)^2+\left(ab-ac\right)^2\ge0\)
Luôn đúng với mọi a , b , c
a ) Ta có : \(\left(ab+1\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2b^2+2ab+1-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(ab-1\right)^2\ge0\)
=> BĐT luôn đúng
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow ab=1\)
b ) Áp dụng BĐT Bunhiacopxki , ta có :
\(\left(ab+1.2\right)^2\le\left(a^2+1^2\right)\left(b^2+2^2\right)=\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+4\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow2a=b\)
c ) Áp dụng BĐT Cô - si cho 2 số không âm , ta có :
\(4a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{4a^2.b^2}=4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(4a^2+b^2\right)\ge4a^2+4ab+b^2=\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow2a=b\)
d ) \(x^5+y^5\ge xy\left(x^3+y^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^5-x^4y-y^4x+y^5\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^4-y^4\right)\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2+y^2\right)\ge0\)
Vì x ; y > 0 => BĐT luôn đúng
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
17) \(\frac{10x^2-7x-5}{2x-3}\) là số nguyên khi 10x² - 7x - 5 \(⋮\) 2x - 3
Ta có: 10x² - 7x - 5 = 10x² - 15x + 8x - 12 + 7 = 5x(2x-3) + 4(2x-3) + 7
\(\Rightarrow\) 10x² - 7x - 5 \(⋮\) 2x - 3 khi và chỉ khi 7 chia hết cho 2x-3
\(\Rightarrow\) 2x - 3 \(\in\) Ư(7) \(\Leftrightarrow\) 2x - 3 = \(\left\{-1;1;-7;7\right\}\)
TH1: 2x-3 = -1 <=> x = 1
TH2: 2x-3 = 1 <=> x = 2
TH3: 2x-3 = -7 <=> x = -2
TH4: 2x-3 = 7 <=> x = 5
Vây có 4 giá trị nguyên của x là \(\left\{-2;1;2;5\right\}\)
23) Cm rằng
a) a2+b2−2ab ≥0
Ta có: a2+b2−2ab = a2−2ab+b2 = (a - b)2 ≥ 0 (đpcm)
b)\(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\) ≥ ab
Ta có: (a-b)2 ≥0 vs mọi a,b
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2−2ab+b2 ≥0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2+b2 ≥ 2ab
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{a^2+b^2}{2}\) ≥ ab (đpcm)
c) a(a+2)<(a+1)2
Ta có: a(a+2)= a2+2a
(a+1)2 = a2 + 2a + 1
\(\Rightarrow\) a(a+2)<(a+1)2 (đpcm)
d) m2+n2+2 ≥ 2(m+n)
Ta có: (m-n)2 \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) m2- 2mn+n2 \(\ge\) 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) m2+n2 \(\ge\) 2mn
\(\Leftrightarrow\) m2+n2+2 \(\ge\) 2mn+2
\(\Leftrightarrow\) m2+n2+2 ≥ 2(m+n) (đpcm)
e) (a+b)(\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\))≥4 (với a>0, b>0)
Ta có: (a - b)2 ≥ 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2−2ab+b2 ≥ 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) a2+2ab - 4ab+b2 ≥ 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a + b)2 - 4ab≥ 0
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a + b)2 ≥ 4ab
\(\Leftrightarrow\) \(\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{ab}\) ≥ 4
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b) ( \(\frac{a+b}{ab}\) ) ≥ 4
\(\Leftrightarrow\) (a+b)(\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\))≥4 (vs a,b > 0) (đpcm)
1)Áp dụng Bđt Am-Gm \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{b}{a}}=2\)
2)Áp dụng Am-Gm \(a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab;b^2+c^2\ge2bc;a^2+c^2\ge2ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
=>ĐPcm
3)(a+b+c)2\(\ge\)3(ab+bc+ca)
=>a2+b2+c2+2ab+2bc+2ca\(\ge\)3ab+3bc+3ca
=>a2+b2+c2-ab-bc-ca\(\ge\)0
=>2a2+2b2+2c2-2ab-2bc-2ca\(\ge\)0
=>(a2-2ab+b2)+(b2-2bc+c2)+(c2-2ac+a2)\(\ge\)0
=>(a-b)2+(b-c)2+(c-a)2\(\ge\)0
4)đề đúng \(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\ge\frac{4}{a+b}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+2ab+b^2-4ab\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\)
5. phân tích ra : \(1+\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}+1\)
áp dụng bđ cosy
\(\dfrac{a}{b}+\dfrac{b}{a}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}.\dfrac{b}{a}}=2\)
=> đpcm
6. \(x^2-x+1=x^2-2.\dfrac{1}{2}.x+\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4}=\left(x-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>0\)
hay với mọi x thuộc R đều là nghiệm của bpt
7.áp dụng bđt cosy
\(a^4+b^4+c^4+d^4\ge2\sqrt{a^2.b^2.c^2.d^2}=4abcd\left(đpcm\right)\)
a/ \(\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2\ge xy\)
Ta có \(\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2-xy\)
\(=\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2^2}-xy\)
\(=\frac{x^2+2xy+y^2}{4}-\frac{4xy}{4}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+2xy+y^2-4xy}{4}\)
\(=\frac{x^2-2xy+y^2}{4}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{4}\)
mak ta lại có :
\(\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\frac{\left(x-y\right)^2}{4}\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2-xy\ge0\)\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{x+y}{2}\right)^2\ge xy\)
b/ \(x^2\ge2y\left(x-y\right)\)
ta có \(x^2-2y\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=x^2-2xy+2y^2\)
\(=x^2-2xy+y^2+y^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+y^2\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+y^2\)
Ta lại có \(\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2\ge0\\y^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+y^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-2y\left(x-y\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2\ge2y\left(x-y\right)\)
c/ \(4a^4-4a^3+a^2\ge0\)
ta có : \(4a^4-4a^3+a^3\)
\(=a^2\left(4a^2-4a+1\right)\)
\(=a^2\left(2a-1\right)^2\)
ta có \(\orbr{\begin{cases}a^2\ge0\\\left(2a-1\right)^2\ge0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2\left(2a-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow4a^4-4a^3+a^3\ge0\)
a, \(a^4+b^4-a^3b-ab^3=a^3\left(a-b\right)-b^3\left(a-b\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)=\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\)
Mà \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\forall a;b\\a^2+ab+b^2=\left(a+\frac{1}{2}b\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}b^2\ge0\forall a;b\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a^2+ab+b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4-a^3b-ab^3\ge0\Leftrightarrow a^4+b^4\ge a^3b+ab^3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a = b
b, \(a^3-3a^2+4a+1=a\left(a^2-4a+4\right)+a^2+1=a\left(a-2\right)^2+a^2+1>0\left(\forall a>0\right)\)
c, \(a^4+b^2+2-4ab=\left(a^4-2a^2b^2+b^4\right)+\left(2a^2b^2-4ab+2\right)\)
\(=\left(a^2-b^2\right)^2+2\left(ab-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow a^4+b^4+2\ge4ab\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\orbr{\begin{cases}a=b=1\\a=b=-1\end{cases}}\)
thank you nhá