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Với mọi m;n;p;q dương nhé bạn!
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM cho 2 số dương:
\(\dfrac{m^2}{4}+n^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{m^2n^2}{4}}=mn\)
\(\)\(\dfrac{m^2}{4}+p^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{m^2p^2}{4}}=mp\)
\(\dfrac{m^2}{4}+q^2\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{m^2q^2}{4}}=mq\)
\(\dfrac{m^2}{4}+1\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{m^2}{4}}=m\)
Cộng theo vế: \(m^2+n^2+p^2+q^2+1\ge m\left(n+p+q+1\right)\)
Ta có:
m2+n2+p2+q2+1-mn+mp+mq+m
\(=\left(\dfrac{m^2}{4}-mn+n^2\right)+\left(\dfrac{m^2}{4}-mp+p^2\right)+\left(\dfrac{m^2}{4}-mq+q^2\right)+\left(\dfrac{m^2}{4}-m+1\right)\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-n\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-p\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-q\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-1\right)^2\)
mà \(\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-n\right)^2\ge0;\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-p\right)^2\ge0;\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-q\right)^2\ge0;\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-1\right)^2\ge0\)
=> \(\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-n\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-p\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-q\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-1\right)^2\ge0\)
<=> m2+n2+p2+q2+1-mn+mp+mq+m \(\ge0\)
<=> m2+n2+p2+q2+1\(\ge\) mn+mp+mq+m
<=> m2+n2+p2+q2+1\(\ge\) m(n+p+q+1)
Vậy m2+n2+p2+q2+1\(\ge\) m(n+p+q+1) với mọi m, n, p, q
Giải:
Ta có:
\(m^2+n^2+p^2+q^2+1\ge m\left(n+p+q+1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{m^2}{4}-mn+n^2\right)+\left(\dfrac{m^2}{4}-mp+p^2\right)+\left(\dfrac{m^2}{4}-mq+q^2\right)+\left(\dfrac{m^2}{4}-m+1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-n\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-p\right)^2\) \(+\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-q\right)^2+\left(\dfrac{m}{2}-1\right)^2\) \(\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{m}{2}-n=0\\\dfrac{m}{2}-p=0\\\dfrac{m}{2}-q=0\\\dfrac{m}{2}-1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n=\dfrac{m}{2}\\p=\dfrac{m}{2}\\q=\dfrac{m}{2}\\m=2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m=2\\n=p=q=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(m^2+n^2+p^2+q^2+1\ge m\left(n+p+q+1\right)\) (Đpcm)
Bài này bạn chỉ cần chuyển vế biến đổi thôi là được , mình làm mẫu câu 2) :
\(\frac{a^2}{m}+\frac{b^2}{n}\ge\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{m+n}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2n+b^2m}{mn}-\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{m+n}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(m+n\right)\left(a^2n+b^2m\right)-\left(a^2+2ab+b^2\right).mn}{mn\left(m+n\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2mn+\left(bm\right)^2+\left(an\right)^2+b^2mn-a^2mn-2abmn-b^2mn}{mn\left(m+n\right)}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(bm-an\right)^2}{mn\left(m+n\right)}\ge0\) ( luôn đúng )
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow bm=an\)
Câu 3) áp dụng câu 2) để chứng minh dễ dàng hơn, ghép cặp 2 .
Câu 1: Dùng biến đổi tương đương:
a/ \(3\left(m+1\right)+m< 4\left(2+m\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3m+3+m< 8+4m\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4m+3< 8+4m\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3< 8\) (đúng), vậy BĐT ban đầu là đúng
b/ \(\left(m-2\right)^2>m\left(m-4\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^2-4m+4>m^2-4m\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4>0\) (đúng), vậy BĐT ban đầu đúng
Câu 2:
a/ \(b\left(b+a\right)\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2+ab\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow b^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng), vậy BĐT ban đầu đúng
b/ \(a^2-ab+b^2\ge ab\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-2ab+b^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Câu 3:
a/ \(10a^2-5a+1\ge a^2+a\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9a^2-6a+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(3a-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
b/ \(a^2-a\le50a^2-15a+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow49a^2-14a+1\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(7a-1\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Câu 4:
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\left(1+\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{3\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT< 2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\)
\(\frac{1}{3^3}< \frac{1}{2.3.4}\) \(\frac{1}{4^3}< \frac{1}{3.4.5}\) \(\frac{1}{5^3}< \frac{1}{4.5.6}\) ..... \(\frac{1}{n^3}< \frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2.3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4.5}+\frac{1}{4.5.6}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{2}{2.3.4}+\frac{2}{3.4.5}+\frac{2}{4.5.6}+...+\frac{2}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{4-2}{2.3.4}+\frac{5-3}{3.4.5}+\frac{6-4}{4.5.6}+...+\frac{\left(n+1\right)-\left(n-1\right)}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{2.3}-\frac{1}{3.4}+\frac{1}{3.4}-\frac{1}{4.5}+\frac{1}{4.5}-\frac{1}{5.6}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow B< \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{6}-\frac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)=\frac{1}{12}-\frac{1}{2n\left(n+1\right)}< \frac{1}{12}\)
\(m^2+n^2+\frac{1}{4}\ge2mn+m-n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^2+n^2+\frac{1}{4}-2mn-m+n\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow m^2+n^2+\left(\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-2mn-2.\frac{1}{2}m+2.\frac{1}{2}n\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(n-m+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
Biểu thức cuối luôn đúng mà ta biến đổi tương đương nên ta có đpcm.
m2 + n2 + 1/4 ≥ 2mn + m - n
<=> 4m2 + 4n2 + 1 ≥ 8mn + 4m - 4n
<=> 4m2 + 4n2 + 1 - 8mn + 4m - 4n ≥ 0
<=> ( 2m - 2n + 1 )2 ≥ 0 ( đúng )
Vậy ta có đpcm