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\(\sqrt{2019^2+2019^2.2020^2+2020^2}=\sqrt{2019^2+\left(2020-1\right)^2.2020^2+2020^2}=\sqrt{2019^2+2020^4-2.2020.2020^2+2020^2+2020^2}=\sqrt{2020^4+2.2020^2-2.\left(2019+1\right).2020^2+2019^2}=\sqrt{2020^4+2.2020^2-2.2019.2020^2-2.2020^2+2019^2}=\sqrt{2020^4-2.2019.2020^2+2019^2}=\sqrt{\left(2020^2-2019\right)^2}=\left|2020^2-2019\right|=2020^2-2019\)
Vì 20202-2019\(\in N\)
Vậy \(\sqrt{2019^2+2019^2.2020^2+2020^2}\)\(\in N\)
Lời giải:
Đặt $a=2009$
\(\sqrt{2009^2+2009^2.2010^2+2010^2}=\sqrt{a^2+a^2(a+1)^2+(a+1)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{a^2+a^2(a^2+2a+1)+(a+1)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{a^2+a^4+2a^3+a^2+(a+1)^2}=\sqrt{a^4+2a^2(a+1)+(a+1)^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{(a^2+a+1)^2}=a^2+a+1=2009^2+2009+1\) là 1 số nguyên dương
Ta có đpcm.
Đặt \(\sqrt{2}+1=a;\sqrt{2}-1=b\Rightarrow ab=1\)
Ta có: \(S_{2009}.S_{2010}=\left(a^{2009}+b^{2009}\right)\left(a^{2010}+b^{2010}\right)\)
\(=a^{2009}.a^{2010}+b^{2009}.a^{2010}+a^{2009}.b^{2010}+b^{2009}.b^{2010}\)
\(=a^{2009}.b^{2009}\left(a+b\right)+a^{4019}+b^{4019}\)
\(=1.2\sqrt{2}+S_{4019}=S_{4019}+2\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow S_{2009}.S_{2010}-S_{4019}=2\sqrt{2}\)
\(\frac{2019}{\sqrt{2018}}+\frac{2018}{\sqrt{2019}}\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)^2}{\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}}=\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}\)
Dấu "=" ko xảy ra nên \(\frac{2019}{\sqrt{2018}}+\frac{2018}{\sqrt{2019}}>\sqrt{2018}+\sqrt{2019}\)
Để chứng minh được đẳng thức đó, ta cần chứng minh đẳng thức: 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + 20193 = (1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 2019)2
Ta có:
(1 + 2 + 3 + ... + 2019)2
\(=\left(\frac{2019.2020}{2}\right)^2\)
\(=\left(\frac{1.2}{2}\right)^2+\left[\left(\frac{2.3}{2}\right)^2-\left(\frac{1.2}{2}\right)^2\right]+\left[\left(\frac{3.4}{2}\right)^2-\left(\frac{2.3}{2}\right)^2\right]+...+\left[\left(\frac{2019.2020}{2}\right)^2-\left(\frac{2018.2019}{2}\right)^2\right]\left(1\right)\)
Mặt khác, với số tự nhiên n lớn hơn 1 ta có:
\(\left(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}\right)^2-\left(\frac{\left(n-1\right)n}{2}\right)^2=\left(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}-\frac{\left(n-1\right)n}{2}\right)\left(\frac{n\left(n+1\right)}{2}+\frac{\left(n-1\right)n}{2}\right)=\frac{2n}{2}.\frac{2n.n}{2}=n^3\)
Do đó biểu thức (1) chính bằng 13 + 23 + 33 + ... + 20193
Vậy ta có đpcm
\(\sqrt{2018^2+2018^2.2019^2+2019^2}=\sqrt{2018^2+\left(2019-1\right)^2.2019^2+2019^2}=\sqrt{2018^2+2019^4-2.2019.2019^2+2019^2+2019^2}=\sqrt{2019^4+2.2019^2-2.\left(2018+1\right).2019^2+2018^2}=\sqrt{2019^4+2.2019^2-2.2019.2019^2-2.2019^2+2018^2}=\sqrt{2019^4-2.2018.2019^2+2018^2}=\sqrt{\left(2019^2-2018\right)^2}=\left|2019^2-2018\right|=2019^2-2018\)Vì \(2019^2-2018\) là một số nguyên
Vậy \(\sqrt{2018^2+2018^2.2019^2+2019^2}\) là một số nguyên
TQ: \(^{\sqrt{a^2+a^2\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(a+1\right)^2}}=\left(a+1\right)^2-a.\)
Thật vậy ta có: \(a^2+a^2\left(a+1\right)^2+\left(a+1\right)^2=a^4+2a^3+3a^2+2a+1\)
\(\left(\left(a+1\right)^2-a\right)^2=\left(a^2+a+1\right)^2=a^4+2a^3+3a^2+2a+1\)