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\(1-\dfrac{3}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{n\left(n+2\right)-3}{n\left(n+2\right)}=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+3\right)}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\dfrac{1.5}{2.4}.\dfrac{2.6}{3.5}.\dfrac{3.7}{4.6}...\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+3\right)}{n\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1.2.3...\left(n-1\right)}{2.3.4...n}.\dfrac{5.6.7...\left(n+3\right)}{4.5.6...\left(n+2\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{n}.\dfrac{n+3}{4}=\dfrac{n+3}{4n}=\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{3}{4n}>\dfrac{1}{4}\) (đpcm)
a) Đặt \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+\dfrac{1}{6^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n\right)^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< \dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 1-\dfrac{1}{n}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}< 2-\dfrac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\right)< \dfrac{1}{2^2}\left(2-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2}.2-\dfrac{1}{2^2}.\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{2^3}< \dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(A< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(Đpcm\right)\)
b) Đặt \(B=\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{7^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}\)
Ta có:
\(B< \dfrac{1}{1.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.5}+\dfrac{1}{5.7}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{3.5}+\dfrac{2}{5.7}+...+\dfrac{2}{\left(2n-1\right)\left(2n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{5}-\dfrac{1}{7}+...+\dfrac{1}{2n-1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{2n+1}{2n+1}-\dfrac{1}{2n+1}\right)\)
\(B< \dfrac{1}{2}.\dfrac{2n}{2n+1}\)
\(B< \dfrac{2n}{4n+2}\)
\(B< \dfrac{2n}{2\left(2n+1\right)}\)
\(B< \dfrac{n}{2n+1}\)
Thừa số tổng quát:
\(\left(2n+1\right)^2=4n^2+4n+1=4n\left(n+1\right)+1>4n\left(n+1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{5^2}+\dfrac{1}{7^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{\left(2.1+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(2.2+1\right)^2}+\dfrac{1}{\left(2.3+1\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{\left(2n+1\right)^2}\)
\(< \dfrac{1}{4.1\left(1+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4.2\left(2+1\right)}+\dfrac{1}{4.3.\left(3+1\right)}+...+\dfrac{1}{4.n.\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{1.2}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+\dfrac{1}{3.4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n.\left(n+1\right)}\right)\)
\(< \dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left(1-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)< \dfrac{1}{4}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{1}{3^3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{4^3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{3.4.5}\)
.......
\(\dfrac{1}{n^3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) \(\dfrac{1}{3^3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{4^3}\) + ...+ \(\dfrac{1}{n^3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}\)
+ \(\dfrac{1}{3.4.5}\) + ... + \(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\) Có:\(\dfrac{1}{2.3.4}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{3.4.5}\)+...+\(\dfrac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n\left(n+1\right)}\) = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)(\(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{3.4}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{3.4}\)- \(\dfrac{1}{4.5}\)+ ... +\(\dfrac{1}{n\left(n-1\right)}\)- \(\dfrac{1}{n}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{n}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)) = \(\dfrac{1}{2}\)(\(\dfrac{1}{2.3}\) - \(\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)) = \(\dfrac{1}{12}\)- \(\dfrac{1}{2n\left(n+1\right)}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{12}\) Vậy B = \(\dfrac{1}{3^3}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{4^3}\)+ \(\dfrac{1}{5^3}\)+ ... + \(\dfrac{1}{n^3}\) < \(\dfrac{1}{12}\) Chúc bn học tốt
Với mọi k thuộc N và k > 2 thì ta có :
\(1-\frac{1}{1+2+....+k}=1-\frac{1}{\frac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}}=1-\frac{2}{k\left(k+1\right)}=\frac{k^2+k-2}{k\left(k+1\right)}=\frac{\left(k+2\right)\left(k-1\right)}{k\left(k+1\right)}\)
Áp dụng vào A ta được :
\(A=\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+3}\right)\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+3+4}\right)...\left(1-\frac{1}{1+2+....+n}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1.4}{2.3}.\frac{2.5}{3.4}.\frac{3.6}{4.5}....\frac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left[1.2.3....\left(n-1\right)\right]\left[4.5.6.....\left(n+2\right)\right]}{\left(2.3.4......n\right)\left[3.4.5.....\left(n+1\right)\right]}\)
\(=\frac{n+2}{n.3}=\frac{n+2}{3n}\)
Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{1}{2^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2}+\dfrac{1}{4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2^2-1}+\dfrac{1}{3^2-1}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2-1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A< \dfrac{2}{1.3}+\dfrac{2}{2.4}+\dfrac{2}{3.5}+...+\dfrac{2}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A< 1-\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{n-1}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2A< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< \dfrac{1}{2}< \dfrac{2}{3}\)
Em chưa học làm dạng này , em làm thử thôi nhá, sai xin chỉ dạy thêm nha
2 . \(\dfrac{n^7+n^2+1}{n^8+n+1}=\dfrac{n^7-n+n^2+n+1}{n^8-n^2+n^2+n+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{n\left(n^6-1\right)+n^2+n+1}{n^2\left(n^6-1\right)+n^2+n+1}=\dfrac{n\left(n^3+1\right)\left(n^3-1\right)+n^2+n+1}{n^2\left(n^3+1\right)\left(n^3-1\right)+n^2+n+1}\)\(=\dfrac{n\left(n^3+1\right)\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)+n^2+n+1}{n^2\left(n^3+1\right)\left(n-1\right)\left(n^2+n+1\right)+n^2+n+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(n^2+n+1\right)\left[\left(n^4+n\right)\left(n-1\right)\right]}{\left(n^2+n+1\right)\left[\left(n^5+n^2\right)\left(n-1\right)+1\right]}\)
\(=\dfrac{n^5-n^4+n^2-n}{n^6-n^5+n^3-n^2+1}=\dfrac{n^4\left(n-1\right)+n\left(n-1\right)}{n^5\left(n-1\right)+n^2\left(n-1\right)+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(n-1\right)\left(n^4+n\right)}{\left(n-1\right)\left(n^5+n^2\right)+1}\)
Vậy ,với mọi số nguyên dương n thì phân thức trên sẽ không tối giản
\(a^2+\left(a+1\right)^2=a^2+a^2+2a+1\\ =2a^2+2a+1>2a\left(a+1\right)\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{a^2+\left(a+1\right)^2}< \dfrac{1}{2a\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(\dfrac{1}{5}+\dfrac{1}{13}+\dfrac{1}{25}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2+\left(n+1\right)^{^2}}\\ =\dfrac{1}{1^2+2^2}+\dfrac{1}{2^2+3^2}+\dfrac{1}{3^2+4^2}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2+\left(n+1\right)^2}\\ < \dfrac{1}{2.1.\left(1+2\right)}+\dfrac{1}{2.2\left(2+1\right)}+....+\dfrac{1}{2n\left(n+1\right)}\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{2.3}+...+\dfrac{1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{2}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{5}{6}-\dfrac{1}{n+1}\right)\\ =\dfrac{5}{12}-\dfrac{1}{2n+2}< \dfrac{5}{12}< \dfrac{9}{20}\)