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Với mọi n nguyên dương ta có:
\(\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)=1\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Với k nguyên dương thì
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}\Rightarrow\frac{2}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}>\frac{1}{\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{k+1}+\sqrt{k}}=\sqrt{k}-\sqrt{k-1}+\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k}\)
\(=\sqrt{k+1}-\sqrt{k-1}\)(*)
Đặt A = vế trái. Áp dụng (*) ta có:
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}>\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{1}\)
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}>\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}\)
...
\(\frac{2}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\sqrt{81}-\sqrt{79}\)
Cộng tất cả lại
\(2A=\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+....+\frac{2}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\sqrt{81}-1=8\Rightarrow A>4\left(đpcm\right)\)
3.
Theo bất đẳng thức cô si ta có:
\(\sqrt{b-1}=\sqrt{1.\left(b-1\right)}\le\frac{1+b-1}{2}=\frac{b}{2}\Rightarrow a.\sqrt{b-1}\le\frac{a.b}{2}\)
Tương tự \(\Rightarrow b.\sqrt{a-1}\le\frac{a.b}{2}\Rightarrow a.\sqrt{b-1}+b.\sqrt{a-1}\le a.b\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(a=b=2\)
\(\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{6}+2\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}-4\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{6}+\frac{2.1}{3}\sqrt{2.3}-\frac{4.1}{2}\sqrt{3.2}\)
\(=\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{6}+\frac{2}{3}\sqrt{6}-2\sqrt{6}=\sqrt{6}\left(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{2}{3}-2\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{6}\left(\frac{9}{6}+\frac{4}{6}-\frac{12}{6}\right)=\sqrt{6}.\frac{1}{6}=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{6}\)
Vậy \(\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{6}+2\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}-4\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{\sqrt{6}}{6}\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{6}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{4}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}+\sqrt{5}}\right)\)
...
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{79}+\sqrt{80}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{80}+\sqrt{81}}\right)\)
Cộng các bất đẳng thức trên lại với nhau, ta được:
\(A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{80}+\sqrt{81}}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{\sqrt{2}-1}{2-1}+\frac{\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}}{3-2}+...+\frac{\sqrt{81}-\sqrt{80}}{81-80}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{81}-\sqrt{80}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{81}-1\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot\left(9-1\right)=\frac{1}{2}\cdot8=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A>4\)(đpcm)
Câu 1:
$P=\dfrac{2x+4\sqrt x+2}{\sqrt x}$ `(đkxđ:` $x>0$)
Xét $P-6=\dfrac{2.x+4.\sqrt[]x+2}{\sqrt[]x}-6=\dfrac{2x+4.\sqrt[]x-6.\sqrt[]x+2}{\sqrt[]x}$
$=\dfrac{2.x-2.\sqrt[]x+2}{\sqrt[]x}$
$=\dfrac{2.(x-\sqrt[]x+1)}{\sqrt[]x}$
Mà $x-\sqrt[]x+1=(\sqrt[]x-\dfrac{1}{2})^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>0∀x>0$
$⇒2.(x-\sqrt[]x+1)>0∀x>0$
Mà $\sqrt[]x>0∀x>0$
$⇒\dfrac{2.(x-\sqrt[]x+1)}{\sqrt[]x}>0∀x>0$
hay $P-6>0⇒P>6∀x>0$ (đpcm)
Câu 2:
$P=\dfrac2{x+\sqrt x+1}$ (đkxđ: $x\ge0$)
Ta có $x+\sqrt[]x+1=(\sqrt[]x+\dfrac{1}{2})^2+\dfrac{3}{4}>0∀x\ge0$
$⇒P>0∀x\ge0$
Xét $P-2=\dfrac{2}{x+\sqrt[]x+1}-2=\dfrac{2-2.x-2.\sqrt[]x-2}{x+\sqrt[]x+1}=\dfrac{-2(x+\sqrt[]x)}{x+\sqrt[]x+1}$
Mà $x>0⇒\sqrt[]x>0⇒x+\sqrt[]x>0$
$⇒-2(x+\sqrt[]x)<0$
$⇒\dfrac{-2(x+\sqrt[]x)}{x+\sqrt[]x+1}<0$
$⇒P-2<0$
$⇒P<2$
Vậy $0<P<2$
a)\(\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{6}+2\sqrt{\frac{2}{3}}-4\sqrt{\frac{3}{2}}=\frac{3}{2}\sqrt{6}+2\frac{\sqrt{6}}{3}-4\frac{\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
\(=\sqrt{6}\left(\frac{3}{2}+\frac{2}{3}-\frac{4}{2}\right)=\sqrt{6}.\frac{1}{6}\)
b) \(\left(x\sqrt{\frac{6}{x}}+\sqrt{\frac{2x}{3}}+\sqrt{6x}\right):\sqrt{6x}=\left(x.\frac{\sqrt{6x}}{x}+\frac{\sqrt{6x}}{3}+\sqrt{6x}\right):\sqrt{6x}\)
\(=1+\frac{1}{3}+1=2\frac{1}{3}\)