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A=1-1/2+1/2-1/3+...+1/n-1/n+1
=1-1/n+1
=n/n+1 không là số nguyên
\(1,\)
\(a,\) Sửa: \(A=10^n+72n-1⋮81\)
Với \(n=1\Leftrightarrow A=10+72-1=81⋮81\)
Giả sử \(n=k\Leftrightarrow A=10^k+72k-1⋮81\)
Với \(n=k+1\Leftrightarrow A=10^{k+1}+72\left(k+1\right)-1\)
\(A=10^k\cdot10+72k+72-1\\ A=10\left(10^k+72k-1\right)-648k+81\\ A=10\left(10^k+72k-1\right)-81\left(8k-1\right)\)
Ta có \(10^k+72k-1⋮81;81\left(8k-1\right)⋮81\)
Theo pp quy nạp
\(\Rightarrow A⋮81\)
\(b,B=2002^n-138n-1⋮207\)
Với \(n=1\Leftrightarrow B=2002-138-1=1863⋮207\)
Giả sử \(n=k\Leftrightarrow B=2002^k-138k-1⋮207\)
Với \(n=k+1\Leftrightarrow B=2002^{k+1}-138\left(k+1\right)-1\)
\(B=2002\cdot2002^k-138k-138-1\\ B=2002\left(2002^k-138k-1\right)+276138k+1863\\ B=2002\left(2002^k-138k-1\right)+207\left(1334k+1\right)\)
Vì \(2002^k-138k-1⋮207;207\left(1334k+1\right)⋮207\)
Nên theo pp quy nạp \(B⋮207,\forall n\)
\(2,\)
\(a,\) Sửa đề: CMR: \(1\cdot2+2\cdot3+...+n\left(n+1\right)=\dfrac{n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)}{3}\)
Đặt \(S_n=1\cdot2+2\cdot3+...+n\left(n+1\right)\)
Với \(n=1\Leftrightarrow S_1=1\cdot2=\dfrac{1\cdot2\cdot3}{3}=2\)
Giả sử \(n=k\Leftrightarrow S_k=1\cdot2+2\cdot3+...+k\left(k+1\right)=\dfrac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{3}\)
Với \(n=k+1\)
Cần cm \(S_{k+1}=1\cdot2+2\cdot3+...+k\left(k+1\right)+\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{3}\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(\Leftrightarrow S_{k+1}=S_k+\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow S_{k+1}=\dfrac{k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{3}+\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow S_{k+1}=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)}{3}\)
Theo pp quy nạp ta có đpcm
\(b,\) Với \(n=0\Leftrightarrow0^3=\left[\dfrac{0\left(0+1\right)}{2}\right]^2=0\)
Giả sử \(n=k\Leftrightarrow1^3+2^3+...+k^3=\left[\dfrac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Với \(n=k+1\)
Cần cm \(1^3+2^3+...+k^3+\left(k+1\right)^3=\left[\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Thật vậy, ta có
\(1^3+2^3+...+k^3+\left(k+1\right)^3\\ =\left[\dfrac{k\left(k+1\right)}{2}\right]^2+\left(k+1\right)^3\\ =\dfrac{k^2\left(k+1\right)^2+4\left(k+1\right)^3}{4}=\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)^2\left(k^2+4k+4\right)}{4}\\ =\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)^2\left(k+2\right)^2}{4}=\left[\dfrac{\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)}{2}\right]^2\)
Theo pp quy nạp ta được đpcm
b) Giải:
Ta có: \(k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{4}\left[k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\left(k+3\right)-\left(k-1\right)k\left(k+1\right)\left(k+2\right)\right]\)
Do đó: \(P=\dfrac{1}{4}.n\left(n+1\right)\left(n+2\right)\left(n+3\right)\)
Thay vào ta tính được:
\(P\left(100\right)=26527650;P\left(2009\right)=\dfrac{1}{4}.2009.2010.2011.2012\)
Mà: \(\dfrac{1}{4}.2009.2010.2011=2030149748\)
Và \(149748.2012=3011731776;2030.2012.10^6=4084360000000\)
Cộng lại ta có: \(P\left(2009\right)=4087371731776\)
\(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
Rút gọn biểu thức trên
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{1.2}=1-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\)
\(...........\)
\(\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}=\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+\frac{1}{3.4}+...+\frac{1}{\left(n-1\right)n}\)
\(=\left(1-\frac{1}{2}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{n-1}-\frac{1}{n}\right)\)
\(=1-\frac{1}{n}\)
\(A=\dfrac{3}{\left(1\cdot2\right)^2}+\dfrac{5}{\left(2\cdot3\right)^2}+\dfrac{7}{\left(3\cdot4\right)^2}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}\)
\(A=\dfrac{3}{1\cdot4}+\dfrac{5}{4\cdot9}+\dfrac{7}{9\cdot16}+...+\dfrac{2n+1}{n^2\cdot\left(n^2+2n+1\right)}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{4}-\dfrac{1}{9}+\dfrac{1}{9}-\dfrac{1}{16}+...+\dfrac{1}{n^2}-\dfrac{1}{n^2+2n+1}\)
\(A=1-\dfrac{1}{n^2+2n+1}\)
\(A=\dfrac{n\left(n+2\right)}{\left(n+1\right)^2}\)
Ko bt đúng ko .
Đặt A=1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n(n+1)
A=1.2+2.3+3.4+...+n(n+1)
=>3A=(3−0)1.2+(4−1)2.3+...+(n+2−n+1)n(n+1)=>3A=(3−0)1.2+(4−1)2.3+...+(n+2−n+1)n(n+1)
=>3A=1.2.3−0.1.2+2.3.4−1.2.3+...+n(n+1)(n+2)−(n−1)n(n+1)=>3A=1.2.3−0.1.2+2.3.4−1.2.3+...+n(n+1)(n+2)−(n−1)n(n+1)
=>3A=n(n+1)(n+2)=>3A=n(n+1)(n+2)
=>A=n(n+1)(n+2)3=>A=n(n+1)(n+2)3 (đpcm)