Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
The poaching crisis wiping out Africa's elephants is costing the continent's economies millions in lost tourism revenue, according to a new study. Researchers looked at visitor and elephant data across 25 countries, and modeled financial losses from fewer visitors in protected areas due to the illegal wildlife trade, which has caused elephant numbers to plummet by more than 100,000 in the last decade. (A)
The study team combined visitor numbers across 164 protected areas in 25 countries in forest and savannah elephants, and elephant population data from 2009 to 2013, to reach a “per elephant" value in terms of tourism income.
They concluded that Africa was most likely losing $26m in tourism revenue a year. (B) Around $9m of that is lost from tourists' direct spending, such as staying at hotels and buying crafts, with the rest through indirect value in the economy such as farmers and other suppliers supporting the tourist industry.
The study, published in the journal Nature Communications, found that in most cases the revenue losses were higher than paying for stronger anti-poaching measures to keep elephant populations stable. (C) Dr. Robin Naidoo, the paper's lead author and , senior conservation wildlife scientist at WWF and his team found. In the case of central Africa's forest elephants, which are harder for tourists to see and therefore attract fewer visitors, the costs of protecting them exceed the benefits from tourism. Demand from south-east Asia has seen the price of ivory triple since 2009 and it is estimated that one elephant is killed every 15 minutes. (D) Corruption, a lack of resources, and, most importantly, increasingly sophisticated poachers have hamstrung African countries' efforts to stem the trade.
Naidoo said that the research was not suggesting economic issues should be the only consideration when protecting elephants, but framing the poaching crisis as a financial one could motivate African governments and communities.
“It gives an additional reason for some groups of people, who may not necessarily be motivated by intrinsic reasons for conversation, to engage with biodiversity conservation. It makes it clear to them that it's not just in the best interests of the world to conserve this stuff, but tangible reasons for a whole different group," he said.
Question. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
A. To get to the conclusion, scientists compared the changes in number of tourists and number of elephants in 2009.
B. The only reason why illegal poaching is so difficult to stop is corruption.
C. Protecting elephants is for the both the practical and immaterial reasons.
D. There is an argument over the differences in the balance between the loss and the cost to protect the elephants.
Question 36: What is the best title for this passage?
A. How to Choose a Digital Camera
B. The Transition of Digital Photography
C. Problems in Purchasing a Camera
D. Elements of a Digital Camera
Question 37: In the first paragraph, the word “guarantee” is closest in meaning to_______.
A. employee B. guidance C. chance D. assurance
Question 38: What does the word “its” in paragraph 1 refers to_____.
A. the memory card B. the camera C. the display D. the price
Question 39: In the second paragraph, the phrase “depends on” is closest in meaning to______.
A. is decided by B. is created by C. consists of D. makes up
Question 40: According to paragraph 2, when we are talking about the resolution of a digital camera, all of the following are what we should be aware of EXCEPT_______.
A. the future destination of the camera
B. the lowest resolution any customer should be orientated to
C. the size and weight of the camera
D. The purpose the camera will be used for
Question 41: What can we infer from the passage?
A. The larger the capacity of the memory card is, the better the camera is.
B. It is not so necessary to pay attention to the presence of an LCD display.
C. The lens of the camera is useless.
D. The quality of the camera is much more important than the capacity of the memory card.
Question 42: According to the passage, which kind of cameras may a customer NOT TRUE?
A. A camera with a much higher price than the average market price.
B. A camera with minimal resolution but still sounds reasonable to purchase.
C. An average camera with a large memory capacity.
D. An excellent camera with a small memory capacity.