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\(\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\le a^2+b^2=ab\left(a+b\right)+ab\le ab\left(a+b\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2\le ab\left(a+b\right)+\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\le ab\left(a+b\right)\Rightarrow a+b\le4ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{ab}\le4\)
\(P=\frac{\sqrt{b\left(a+b\right)}}{ab}+\frac{\sqrt{a\left(a+b\right)}}{ab}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\frac{2\sqrt{2b\left(a+b\right)}+2\sqrt{2a\left(a+b\right)}}{ab}\right)\)
\(P\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(\frac{2b+a+b+2a+a+b}{ab}\right)=\sqrt{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{ab}\right)\le4\sqrt{2}\)
\(P_{max}=4\sqrt{2}\) khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(M=\left(a-\frac{6}{a+1}\right)+\left(2b-\frac{3}{b+1}\right)+\left(3c-\frac{2}{c+1}\right)\)
\(M=\left(a+2b+3c\right)-6\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{2b+2}+\frac{1}{3c+3}\right)\)
\(M\le6-\frac{6.\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{a+1+2b+2+3c+3}\)
\(M\le6-\frac{6.9}{6+6}=6-\frac{9}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=3;b=1;c=\frac{1}{3}\)
2.
\(8ab-2=3\left(a^4+b^4\right)\ge6a^2b^2\Leftrightarrow3a^2b^2-4ab+1\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{3}\le ab\le1\)
Khi đó:
\(\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}-\frac{2}{ab+1}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)^2\left(ab-1\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\le0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a^2+1}+\frac{1}{b^2+1}\le\frac{2}{ab+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{2}{ab+1}+\frac{ab}{3a^2b^2+1}\)
Đặt \(ab=x\Rightarrow\frac{1}{3}\le x\le1\Rightarrow P\le\frac{2}{x+1}+\frac{x}{3x^2+1}\)
\(P\le\frac{2}{x+1}+\frac{x}{3x^2+1}-\frac{7}{4}+\frac{7}{4}=\frac{-21x^3+7x^2-3x+1}{4\left(x+1\right)\left(3x^2+1\right)}+\frac{7}{4}\)
\(P\le\frac{\left(7x^2+1\right)\left(1-3x\right)}{4\left(x+1\right)\left(3x^2+1\right)}+\frac{7}{4}\le\frac{7}{4}\) ; \(\forall x\ge\frac{1}{3}\)
\(P_{max}=\frac{7}{4}\) khi \(x=\frac{1}{3}\) hay \(a=b=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
1.
Ta có: \(4=a^2+b^2+c^2+abc\ge a^2+2bc+abc\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-4+2bc+abc\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(a-2\right)+bc\left(a+2\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+2\right)\left(bc+a-2\right)\le0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow bc+a\le2\) (1)
Theo nguyên lý Dirichlet, trong 3 số a;b;c luôn có 2 số cùng phía so với 1
Giả sử đó là b và c \(\Rightarrow\left(b-1\right)\left(c-1\right)\ge0\Leftrightarrow bc+1\ge b+c\Rightarrow abc+a\ge ab+ac\)
\(\Rightarrow abc\ge ab+ac-a\Rightarrow abc+2\ge ab+ac-a+2\)
Do đó ta chỉ cần chứng minh: \(ab+ac-a+2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a+bc\le2\) (đúng theo (1)) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Để ý: \(ab+bc+ca=\frac{\left[\left(a+b+c\right)^2-\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\right]}{2}\).
Do đó đặt \(a^2+b^2+c^2=x>0;a+b+c=y>0\). Bài toán được viết lại thành:
Cho \(y^2+5x=24\), tìm max:
\(P=\frac{x}{y}+\frac{y^2-x}{2}=\frac{5x}{5y}+\frac{y^2-x}{2}\)
\(=\frac{24-y^2}{5y}+\frac{y^2-\frac{24-y^2}{5}}{2}\)
\(=\frac{24-y^2}{5y}+\frac{3\left(y^2-4\right)}{5}\)\(=\frac{3y^3-y^2-12y+24}{5y}\)
Đặt \(y=t\). Dễ thấy \(12=3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+\left(ab+bc+ca\right)=3t^2-5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
Và dễ dàng chứng minh \(ab+bc+ca\le3\)
Suy ra \(3t^2=12+5\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\le27\Rightarrow t\le3\). Mặt khác do a, b, c>0 do đó \(0< t\le3\).
Ta cần tìm Max P với \(P=\frac{3t^3-t^2-12t+24}{5t}\)và \(0< t\le3\)
Ta thấy khi t tăng thì P tăng. Do đó P đạt giá trị lớn nhất khi t lớn nhất.
Khi đó P = 3. Vậy...
Ta có:
\(7\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)=6\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)+2017\)
\(\Leftrightarrow7\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2=20\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}\right)+2017\le\frac{20}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)^2+2017\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\le\sqrt{6051}\)
Ta lại có:
\(T=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2a^2+b^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2b^2+c^2\right)}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3\left(2c^2+a^2\right)}}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{2a+b}+\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{2}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{2}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{2}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{3}{a}+\frac{3}{b}+\frac{3}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{\sqrt{6051}}{3}\)
\(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}=2\Rightarrow ab=\frac{a+b}{2}\Rightarrow\frac{a+b}{2}\le\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\Rightarrow a+b\ge2\)
\(Q\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^4b^2}+2ab^2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a^2b^4}+2a^2b}=\frac{1}{ab\left(a+b\right)}=\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}\le\frac{2}{2^2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q_{max}=\frac{1}{2}\) khi \(a=b=1\)