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\(\left(\frac{a-4}{a}\right)\left(\frac{\sqrt{a}-1}{\sqrt{a}+2}-\frac{\sqrt{a}+1}{\sqrt{a}-2}\right)=\left(\frac{a-4}{a}\right)\left(\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)-\left(\sqrt{a}+1\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)}{\left(\sqrt{a}+2\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-2\right)}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{a-4}{a}\right)\left(\frac{a-3\sqrt{a}+2-a-3\sqrt{a}-2}{a-4}\right)\)
\(=\frac{-6\sqrt{a}}{a}=\frac{-6}{\sqrt{a}}\)
3.
\(5a^2+2ab+2b^2=\left(a^2-2ab+b^2\right)+\left(4a^2+4ab+b^2\right)\)
\(=\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(2a+b\right)^2\ge\left(2a+b\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}\ge2a+b\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\sqrt{5a^2+2ab+2b^2}}\le\frac{1}{2a+b}\)
Tương tự \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{5b^2+2bc+2c^2}}\le\frac{1}{2b+c};\frac{1}{\sqrt{5c^2+2ca+2a^2}}\le\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2a+b}+\frac{1}{2b+c}+\frac{1}{2c+a}\)
\(\le\frac{1}{9}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{c}+\frac{1}{a}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{1}{a}+\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)\le\frac{1}{3}.\sqrt{3\left(\frac{1}{a^2}+\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)}=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow MaxP=\frac{\sqrt{3}}{3}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
1) \(\Sigma\frac{a}{b^3+ab}=\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{b}-\frac{b}{a+b^2}\right)\ge\Sigma\frac{1}{a}-\Sigma\frac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}=\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{a}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{a}}+1\right)+\Sigma\frac{3}{2\sqrt{a}}-3\)
\(\ge\Sigma\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{a}}-1\right)^2+\frac{27}{2\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}\right)}-3\ge\frac{27}{2\sqrt{3\left(a+b+c\right)}}-3=\frac{3}{2}\)
a) \(\left(3+1\sqrt{6}-\sqrt{33}\right)\left(\sqrt{22}+\sqrt{6}+4\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{3}\left(\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{11}\right).\sqrt{2}\left(\sqrt{11}+\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{6}\left(\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{11}\right)\left(\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{11}\right)\)
\(=\sqrt{6}\left[\left(\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}\right)^2-11\right]=\sqrt{6}\left(11+4\sqrt{6}-11\right)=\sqrt{6}.4\sqrt{6}=6.4=24\)
b) \(\left(\frac{1}{5-2\sqrt{6}}+\frac{2}{5+2\sqrt{6}}\right)\left(15+2\sqrt{6}\right)=\left(\frac{5+2\sqrt{6}+10-4\sqrt{6}}{5^2-\left(2\sqrt{6}\right)^2}\right)\left(15+2\sqrt{6}\right)\)
\(=\left(15-2\sqrt{6}\right)\left(15+2\sqrt{6}\right)=15^2-24=201\)
C) \(\left(\frac{4}{3}.\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{2}+\sqrt{3\frac{1}{3}}\right)\left(\sqrt{1,2}+\sqrt{2}-4\sqrt{\frac{1}{5}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{\sqrt{10}}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\left(\frac{\sqrt{6}}{\sqrt{5}}+\frac{\sqrt{10}}{\sqrt{5}}-\frac{4}{\sqrt{5}}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{15}}\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{10}+4\right)\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{10}-4\right)=\frac{1}{\sqrt{15}}\left[\left(\sqrt{6}+\sqrt{10}\right)^2-16\right]\)
\(=\frac{1}{\sqrt{15}}\left(16+4\sqrt{15}-16\right)=\frac{4\sqrt{15}}{\sqrt{15}}=4\)
d) \(\sqrt{\left(1-\sqrt{1989}\right)^2}.\sqrt{1990+2\sqrt{1989}}=\sqrt{\left(1-\sqrt{1989}\right)^2}.\sqrt{1989+2\sqrt{1989}+1}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(1-\sqrt{1989}\right)^2}.\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{1989}+1\right)^2}=\left(\sqrt{1989}-1\right)\left(\sqrt{1989}+1\right)=1989-1=1988\)
e) \(\frac{a-\sqrt{ab}+b}{a\sqrt{a}+b\sqrt{b}}-\frac{1}{a-b}=\frac{a-\sqrt{ab}+b}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(a-\sqrt{ab}+b\right)}-\frac{1}{a-b}=\frac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}}{\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)}-\frac{1}{a-b}=\frac{\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}-1}{a-b}\)
Lời giải:
Từ $abc=1$ suy ra tồn tại $x,y,z>0$ sao cho \((a,b,c)=\left(\frac{x}{y},\frac{y}{z},\frac{z}{x}\right)\)
Bài toán chuyển về CMR:
\(A=\sqrt{\frac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{xy+yz+2xz}}+\sqrt{\frac{xy}{2xy+yz+xz}}\leq \frac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM: \(\sqrt{\frac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}}\leq \frac{yz}{xy+xz+2yz}+\frac{1}{4}\)
Thiết lập tương tự... \(\Rightarrow A\leq \frac{xy}{2xy+yz+xz}+\frac{yz}{xy+2yz+xz}+\frac{xz}{xy+yz+2xz}+\frac{3}{4}\) $(1)$
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(\frac{1}{\frac{xy+yz+xz}{3}}+\frac{1}{\frac{xy+yz+xz}{3}}+\frac{1}{\frac{xy+yz+xz}{3}}+\frac{1}{xy}\geq \frac{16}{2xy+yz+xz}\Rightarrow \frac{9xy}{xy+yz+xz}+1\geq \frac{16xy}{2xy+yz+xz}\)
Thiết lập tương tự với các phân thức còn lại và công theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \frac{xy}{2xy+yz+xz}+\frac{yz}{xy+2yz+xz}+\frac{xz}{xy+yz+2xz}\leq \frac{12}{16}=\frac{3}{4}\) $(2)$
Từ \((1),(2)\Rightarrow A\leq \frac{3}{2} (\text{đpcm})\).
Dấu $=$ xảy ra khi $x=y=z$ hay $a=b=c=1$