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Chứng minh \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\), Dấu "=" khi \(x=y=z\)
\(bdt\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2\ge2xy+2yz+2xz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2xz\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y,z\in R\)
Dấu "=" khi \(\begin{cases}\left(x-y\right)^2=0\\\left(y-z\right)^2=0\\\left(z-x\right)^2=0\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x-y=0\\y-z=0\\z-x=0\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\begin{cases}x=y\\y=z\\z=x\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
Áp dụng vào bài ta có:
\(A=x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz=12\)
Dấu "=' xảy ra khi \(\begin{cases}x=y=z\\xy+yz+xz=12\end{cases}\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\pm2\)
Vậy \(Min_A=12\) khi \(x=y=z=\pm2\)
Bài 1 quan trong là đoán dấu đẳng thức.
1/ Có: \(36=\left(3+2+1\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge\left(\sqrt{3}a+\sqrt{2}b+c\right)^2\)
\(\therefore\sqrt{3}a+\sqrt{2}b+c\le6\)
\(\frac{1}{3}\left(\frac{a}{bc}+\frac{3b}{2ca}\right)+\frac{3}{2}\left(\frac{b}{ca}+\frac{2c}{ab}\right)+2\left(\frac{c}{ab}+\frac{a}{3bc}\right)\)
\(\ge\frac{\sqrt{6}}{3c}+\frac{3\sqrt{2}}{a}+\frac{4\sqrt{3}}{3b}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\frac{\sqrt{6}}{3}\right)}{c}+\frac{\left(3\sqrt{6}\right)}{\sqrt{3}a}+\frac{\left(\frac{4\sqrt{6}}{3}\right)}{\sqrt{2}b}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(\sqrt{\frac{\sqrt{6}}{3}}+\sqrt{3\sqrt{6}}+\sqrt{\frac{4\sqrt{6}}{3}}\right)^2}{\sqrt{3}a+\sqrt{2}b+c}\ge2\sqrt{6}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(a=\sqrt{3},b=\sqrt{2},c=1\)
Ta chứng minh: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\)
Thật vậy \(\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
\(\Rightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2-2xy-2yz-2zx\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow2x^2+2y^2+2z^2\ge2xy+2yz+2zx\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+zx\left(đpcm\right)\)
Áp dụng BĐT Svacxo, ta có:
\(\text{ Σ}_{cyc}\frac{1}{1+xy}\ge\frac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{3+xy+yz+zx}=\frac{9}{3+xy+yz+zx}\)
\(\ge\frac{9}{3+x^2+y^2+z^2}\ge\frac{9}{3+3}=\frac{3}{2}\)
(Dấu "="\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\))
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy ta có :
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^2\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
Do \(x^2+y^2+z^2\le3\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow1\ge xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Rightarrow4\ge xy+yz+xz+3\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{9}{4}\le\frac{9}{3+xy+xz+yz}\left(1\right)\)
Ta có : \(C=\frac{1}{1+xy}+\frac{1}{1+yz}+\frac{1}{1+xz}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cộng mẫu số
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{1}{1+xy}+\frac{1}{1+yz}+\frac{1}{1+xz}\ge\frac{9}{3+xy+yz+xz}\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow C=\frac{1}{1+xy}+\frac{1}{1+yz}+\frac{1}{1+xz}\ge\frac{9}{4}\)
Vậy \(C_{min}=\frac{9}{4}\)
Dấu " =" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\sqrt{\frac{1}{3}}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
Vì xy + yz + zx = 1 ta có :
\(\frac{x-y}{z^2+1}+\frac{y-z}{x^2+1}+\frac{z-x}{y^2+1}=\frac{x-y}{z^2+xy+yz+zx}+\frac{y-z}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}+\frac{z-x}{y^2+xy+yz+zx}\)
\(=\frac{x-y}{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}+\frac{y-z}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}+\frac{z-x}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x+y\right)+\left(y-z\right)\left(y+z\right)+\left(x+z\right)\left(z-x\right)}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2-y^2+y^2-z^2+z^2-x^2}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=\frac{0}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}=0\)(ĐPCM)
\(3x^2+2y^2+2z^2+2yz=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2+z^2+2xy+2yz+2zx\right)+\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2zx+z^2\right)=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2+\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(x-z\right)^2=2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+z\right)^2=2-\left(x-y\right)^2-\left(x-z\right)^2\le2\)
\(\Rightarrow-\sqrt{2}\le x+y+z\le\sqrt{2}\)
\(B_{min}=-\sqrt{2}\) khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y=0\\x-z=0\\x+y+z=-\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow x=y=z=-\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\)
\(B_{max}=\sqrt{2}\) khi \(x=y=z=\frac{\sqrt{2}}{3}\)