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BĐT bên trái rất đơn giản, chỉ cần áp dụng:
\(x^3+x^3+y^3\ge3x^2y\) ; tương tự và cộng lại và được
Ta chứng minh BĐT bên phải:
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+z^4+2\ge2\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(x^3+y^3+z^3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{8}\left(x+y+z\right)^4\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{8}\left(x+y+z\right)^4=\dfrac{1}{8}\left[x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\right]^2\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{8}.4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right).2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)+xyz\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\ge x^3\left(y+z\right)+y^3\left(z+x\right)+z^3\left(x+y\right)\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(0;1;1\right)\) và hoán vị
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Bạn tham khảo ở đây nhé.
1.Ta có :\(x^3+y^3=\left(x+y\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)\)
\(=x^2-xy+y^2\) (do x+y=1)
\(=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)\(=\dfrac{1}{4}.1=\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :\(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(x^3+y^3\ge\dfrac{1}{4}\)
2.
a) Sửa đề: \(a^3+b^3\ge ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a^3-a^2b\right)+\left(b^3-ab^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2\left(a-b\right)+b^2\left(b-a\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)\left(a^2-b^2\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\left(a+b\right)\ge0\) (luôn đúng vì \(a,b\ge0\))
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b\)
b) Lần trước mk giải rồi nhá
3.
a) Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz dạng Engel\(P=\dfrac{1}{x+1}+\dfrac{1}{y+1}+\dfrac{1}{z+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)+3}=\dfrac{9}{3+3}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x+1}=\dfrac{1}{y+1}=\dfrac{1}{z+1}\\x+y+z=3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
b) \(Q=\dfrac{x}{x^2+1}+\dfrac{y}{y^2+1}+\dfrac{z}{z^2+1}\le\dfrac{x}{2\sqrt{x^2.1}}+\dfrac{y}{2\sqrt{y^2.1}}+\dfrac{z}{2\sqrt{z^2.1}}\)
\(=\dfrac{x}{2x}+\dfrac{y}{2y}+\dfrac{z}{2z}=\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x^2=y^2=z^2=1\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
\(VT\le\dfrac{x}{2x+2y+2}+\dfrac{y}{2yz+2z+2}+\dfrac{z}{2z+2x+2}\)
Nên ta chỉ cần chứng minh: \(\dfrac{x}{x+y+1}+\dfrac{y}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{z}{z+x+1}\le1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{y+1}{x+y+1}+\dfrac{z+1}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{x+1}{z+x+1}\ge2\)
Thật vậy, ta có:
\(VT=\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{\left(x+1\right)\left(z+x+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(y+1\right)^2}{\left(y+1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(z+1\right)^2}{\left(z+1\right)\left(y+z+1\right)}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z+3\right)^2}{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+3\left(x+y+z\right)+xy+yz+zx+3}\)
\(VT\ge\dfrac{6\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)+12}{3\left(x+y+z\right)+xy+yz+zx+6}=2\) (đpcm)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^3+y^2\ge2\sqrt{x^3y^2}=2xy\sqrt{x}\\y^3+z^2\ge2\sqrt{y^3z^2}=2yz\sqrt{y}\\z^3+x^2\ge2\sqrt{z^3x^2}=2xz\sqrt{z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x^3+y^2}\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{2xy\sqrt{x}}=\dfrac{1}{xy}\\\dfrac{2\sqrt{y}}{y^3+z^2}\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{y}}{2yz\sqrt{y}}=\dfrac{1}{yz}\\\dfrac{2\sqrt{z}}{z^3+x^2}\le\dfrac{2\sqrt{z}}{2xz\sqrt{z}}=\dfrac{1}{xz}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\) ( 1 )
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2y^2}}=\dfrac{2}{xy}\\\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{y^2z^2}}=\dfrac{2}{yz}\\\dfrac{1}{z^2}+\dfrac{1}{x^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{x^2z^2}}=\dfrac{2}{xz}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\right)\ge2\left(\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{xy}+\dfrac{1}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{xz}\) ( 2 )
Từ ( 1 ) và ( 2 )
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2\sqrt{x}}{x^3+y^2}+\dfrac{2\sqrt{y}}{y^3+z^2}+\dfrac{2\sqrt{z}}{z^3+x^2}\le\dfrac{1}{x^2}+\dfrac{1}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\) ( đpcm )
Lời giải:
Ta có: \(x+y+z=xyz\Rightarrow x(x+y+z)=x^2yz\)
\(\Rightarrow x(x+y+z)+yz=x^2yz+yz\)
\(\Rightarrow (x+y)(x+z)=yz(x^2+1)\)
Do đó: \(\frac{1+\sqrt{x^2+1}}{x}=\frac{1+\sqrt{\frac{(x+y)(x+z)}{yz}}}{x}\leq \frac{1+\frac{1}{2}(\frac{x+y}{y}+\frac{x+z}{z})}{x}\) theo BĐT AM-GM:
Thực hiện tương tự với các phân thức khác ta suy ra:
\(\text{VT}\leq \frac{1+\frac{1}{2}(\frac{x+y}{y}+\frac{x+z}{z})}{x}+\frac{1+\frac{1}{2}(\frac{y+z}{z}+\frac{y+x}{x})}{y}+\frac{1+\frac{1}{2}(\frac{z+x}{x}+\frac{z+y}{y})}{z}\)
\(\text{VT}\leq 3\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=\frac{3(xy+yz+xz)}{xyz}\)
Mà theo AM-GM:
\(\frac{3(xy+yz+xz)}{xyz}\leq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{xyz}=\frac{(xyz)^2}{xyz}=xyz\)
Do đó: \(\text{VT}\leq xyz\)
Ta có đpcm.
Lời giải:
Ta có:
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+1}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{y^2+1}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{z^2+1}}\)
\(=\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+xy+yz+xz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{y^2+xy+yz+xz}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{z^2+xy+yz+xz}}\)
\(=\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy:
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)\)
\(\frac{y}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{y+z}+\frac{y}{y+x}\right)\)
\(\frac{z}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{z}{z+x}+\frac{z}{z+y}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x+y}{x+y}+\frac{y+z}{y+z}+\frac{z+x}{z+x}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
thử x=1,y=2,z=3\(=>x^2+y^2+z^2=14>\dfrac{1}{2}\)(vô lí) sai đề
bổ sung \(x+y+z=1\)