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Lời giải:
Thay $3=xy+yz+xz$ vào biểu thức:
\(P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{x^2+xy+yz+xz}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{y^2+xy+yz+xz}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{z^2+xy+yz+xz}}\)
hay \(P=\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}+\frac{y}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}+\frac{z}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ta có:
\(\frac{x}{\sqrt{(x+y)(x+z)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x}{x+y}+\frac{x}{x+z}\right)\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{y}{\sqrt{(y+z)(y+x)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{y}{x+y}+\frac{y}{y+z}\right)\)
\(\frac{z}{\sqrt{(z+x)(z+y)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{z}{z+y}+\frac{z}{x+z}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow P\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x+y}{x+y}+\frac{y+z}{y+z}+\frac{z+x}{z+x}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(P_{\max}=\frac{3}{2}\). Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=1\)
Ta có : Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy ba số ở mẫu ta được
\(\dfrac{x}{\sqrt[3]{yz}}+\dfrac{y}{\sqrt[3]{xz}}+\dfrac{z}{\sqrt[3]{xy}}\ge\dfrac{x}{\dfrac{y+z+1}{3}}+\dfrac{y}{\dfrac{x+z+1}{3}}+\dfrac{z}{\dfrac{x+y+1}{3}}=\dfrac{3x}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{3y}{x+z+1}+\dfrac{3z}{x+y+1}\)Thấy: \(xy+yz+xz\le\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\left(?!\right)\)
Ta phải chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{3x}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{3y}{x+z+1}+\dfrac{3z}{x+y+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}\)
\(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{y}{x+z+1}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+1}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{9}\)
Mà \(\dfrac{x}{y+z+1}+\dfrac{y}{x+z+1}+\dfrac{z}{x+y+1}=\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz+x}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz+y}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz+z}\)
Theo C.B.S
\(\dfrac{x^2}{xy+xz+x}+\dfrac{y^2}{xy+yz+y}+\dfrac{z^2}{xz+yz+z}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\)
Phải chứng minh
\(\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{9}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{1}{9}\)
Ta có : \(xy+yz+xz\le x^2+y^2+z^2=3\)
Theo C.B.S : \(x+y+z\le\sqrt{3\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=3\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z\le9\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{1}{9}\)
=> ĐPCM
cho x,y,z>0 thỏa mãn:\(x^2+y^2+z^2=3.\)chứng minh:
\(\dfrac{xy}{z}+\dfrac{yz}{x}+\dfrac{zx}{y}\ge3\)
\(\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+z}\ge\dfrac{x^2}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2-2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{zx}+\sqrt{yz}\right)}{x+y+z}\ge\dfrac{1-2.1}{1}=-1\)Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô-si ta có:
\(x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\) , \(x+z\ge2\sqrt{xz}\) , \(y+z\ge2\sqrt{yz}\)
Cộng vế với vế suy ra:
\(2\left(x+y+z\right)\ge2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{zx}+\sqrt{yz}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x+y+z\ge1\)
Vậy
Trà ơi ! Mình xin lỗi bạn nhiều lắm bài đó mình lỡ giải sai, để mình sữa lại cho bạn:
Đầu tiên ta vẫn có:\(x+y+z\ge1\) (chứng minh trên)
Vậy \(\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{z+x}\ge\dfrac{x^2}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{y^2}{x+y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{x+y+z}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{x+y+z}\ge x^2+y^2+z^2\ge0\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz:
\(A=\frac{x^2}{x+y}+\frac{y^2}{y+z}+\frac{z^2}{z+x}\geq \frac{(x+y+z)^2}{x+y+y+z+z+x}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\geq \frac{x+y+z}{2}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\left\{\begin{matrix} x+y\geq 2\sqrt{xy}\\ y+z\geq 2\sqrt{yz}\\ z+x\geq 2\sqrt{zx}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow 2(x+y+z)\geq 2(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx})=2\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq 1\)
Do đó: \(A\geq \frac{x+y+z}{2}\geq \frac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}\)
Ta chứng minh BĐT: \(x^2+y^2+z^2\ge xy+yz+xz\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)\ge2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(y-z\right)^2+\left(z-x\right)^2\ge0\) ( luôn đúng)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - Schwarz dạng Engel ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+xy}+\dfrac{1}{1+yz}+\dfrac{1}{1+xz}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+1+1\right)^2}{1+xy+1+yz+1+xz}=\dfrac{9}{3+xy+yz+xz}\ge\dfrac{9}{3+3}=\dfrac{9}{6}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)\(\RightarrowĐPCM\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Cách 2:
Áp dụng BĐT AM - GM, ta có:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+xy}+\dfrac{1+xy}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{1+xy}.\dfrac{1+xy}{4}}=1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+yz}+\dfrac{1+yz}{4}\ge1\)
\(\dfrac{1}{1+zx}+\dfrac{1+zx}{4}\ge1\)
Cộng vế theo vế BĐT, ta được:
\(\dfrac{1}{1+xy}+\dfrac{1}{1+yz}+\dfrac{1}{1+zx}+\dfrac{1+1+1+xy+yz+zx}{4}\ge1+1+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+xy}+\dfrac{1}{1+yz}+\dfrac{1}{1+zx}+\dfrac{3+xy+yz+zx}{4}\ge3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{1+xy}+\dfrac{1}{1+yz}+\dfrac{1}{1+xz}\ge3-\dfrac{3+xy+yz+zx}{4}\ge3-\dfrac{3+\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}{4}=3-\dfrac{3+3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)\("="\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=1\)
Điều đầu tiên ta cần chứng minh được BĐT :
\(x+y+z\ge\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x+2y+2z\ge2\sqrt{xy}+2\sqrt{yz}+2\sqrt{zx}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-2\sqrt{xy}+y\right)+\left(y-2\sqrt{yz}+z\right)+\left(z-2\sqrt{zx}+x\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{z}\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{z}-\sqrt{x}\right)^2\ge0\) ( Đúng )
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z\ge1\)
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy - schwarz dưới dạng en-gel ta có :
\(A=\dfrac{x^2}{x+y}+\dfrac{y^2}{y+z}+\dfrac{z^2}{z+x}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Vậy \(Min_A=\dfrac{1}{2}\) . Dấu \("="\) xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
2) \(\sum\dfrac{x}{x^2-yz+2013}=\sum\dfrac{x^2}{x^3-xyz+2013x}\ge\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x^3+y^3+z^3-3xyz+2013\left(x+y+z\right)}=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^3}=\dfrac{1}{x+y+z}\left(đpcm\right)\)
\(\dfrac{xy^2}{y^2+2}=\dfrac{xy^2}{\dfrac{y^2}{2}+\dfrac{y^2}{2}+2}\le\dfrac{xy^2}{3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{y^4}{2}}}=\dfrac{1}{3}x\sqrt[3]{2y^2}\le\dfrac{1}{9}x\left(2+y+y\right)=\dfrac{2}{9}\left(x+xy\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{yz^2}{z^2+2}\le\dfrac{2}{9}\left(y+yz\right)\) ; \(\dfrac{zx^2}{x^2+2}\le\dfrac{2}{9}\left(z+zx\right)\)
Cộng vế:
\(P\le\dfrac{2}{9}\left(x+y+z+xy+yz+zx\right)\le\dfrac{2}{9}\left(x+y+z+\dfrac{1}{3}\left(x+y+z\right)^2\right)=4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=2\)