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Đặt \(\sqrt{x}=a;\sqrt{y}=b;\sqrt{z}=c\Rightarrow a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^3=1\)
\(=\sum\dfrac{a^{12}}{a^6+b^6}=\sum\dfrac{a^6\left(a^6+b^6\right)}{a^6+b^6}-\sum\dfrac{a^6b^6}{a^6+b^6}\\ =\sum a^6-\sum\dfrac{a^6b^6}{a^6+b^6}\\ \overset{Cosi}{\ge}a^3b^3+b^3c^3+c^3a^2-\sum\dfrac{a^6b^6}{2a^3b^3}\\ =1-\dfrac{1}{2}\sum a^3b^3=1-\dfrac{1}{2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt[3]{3}}\)
\(\left(\sqrt{x};\sqrt{y};\sqrt{z}\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)\Rightarrow\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ca\right)^3=3\)
\(\Rightarrow3\ge3\sqrt[3]{\left(ab.bc.ca\right)^3}=3\left(abc\right)^2\Rightarrow a^2b^2c^2\le1\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^{10}}{b^2c^2}+a^2b^2c^2\ge2a^6\)
Tương tự và cộng lại: \(P+3\left(abc\right)^2\ge2\left(a^6+b^6+c^6\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2\left(a^6+b^6+c^6\right)-3a^2b^2c^2\ge2\left[\left(ab\right)^3+\left(bc\right)^3+\left(ca\right)^3\right]-3=3\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
$\frac{x^3}{y(x+z)}+\frac{y}{2}+\frac{x+z}{4}\geq \frac{3}{2}x$
Tương tự với các phân thức còn lại, cộng theo vế và rút gọn ta được:
$\Rightarrow P=\sum \frac{x^3}{y(x+z)}\geq \frac{x+y+z}{2}$
Tiếp tục áp dụng AM-GM:
$x+y\geq 2\sqrt{xy}$
$y+z\geq 2\sqrt{yz}$
$x+z\geq 2\sqrt{xz}$
$\Rightarrow x+y+z\geq \sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=1$
$\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{1}{2}$
Vậy $P_{\min}=\frac{1}{2}$ khi $x=y=z=\frac{1}{3}$
\(\dfrac{x^3}{y\left(x+z\right)}+\dfrac{y}{2}+\dfrac{x+z}{4}\ge\dfrac{3x}{2}\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(P+x+y+z\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
\(\sum\dfrac{x^2}{y^2+yz+z^2}\ge\sum\dfrac{x^2}{y^2+\dfrac{y^2+z^2}{2}+z^2}=\dfrac{2}{3}\sum\dfrac{x^2}{y^2+z^2}\ge\dfrac{2}{3}.\dfrac{3}{2}=1\) (BĐT cuối là BĐT Netsbitt)
Câu b là bài IMO 2001 USA, em có thể tìm thấy rất nhiều lời giải
Với a,b,c dưog thì \(\dfrac{x^2}{a}+\dfrac{y^2}{b}+\dfrac{z^2}{c}>=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{a+b+c}\)
\(P>=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{xy+yz+xz+\sqrt{1+x^3}+\sqrt{1+y^3}+\sqrt{1+z^3}}\)
\(\sqrt{1+x^3}=\sqrt{\left(1+x\right)\left(1-x+x^2\right)}< =\dfrac{2+x^2}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=2
=>\(P>=\dfrac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)+x^2+y^2+z^2+6}=\dfrac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{\left(x+y+z\right)^2+6}\)
Đặt t=(x+y+z)^2(t>=36)
=>P>=2t/t-6
Xét hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=\dfrac{t}{t+6}\left(t>=36\right)\)
\(f'\left(t\right)=\dfrac{6}{\left(t+6\right)^2}>=0,\forall t>=36\)
=>f(t) đồng biến
=>f(t)>=f(36)=6/7
=>P>=12/7
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=2
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+x^3+y^3}}{xy}>=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{xy}}\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+y^3+z^3}}{yz}>=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{yz}}\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{1+z^3+x^3}}{xz}>=\sqrt{\dfrac{3}{xz}}\)
=>\(VT>=\sqrt{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xy}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{yz}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{xz}}\right)=3\sqrt{3}\)
\(=>A=\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}+\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}+\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\)
áp dụng BĐT AM-GM
\(=>\sqrt{x-1}\le\dfrac{x-1+1}{2}=\dfrac{x}{2}\)
\(=>\dfrac{\sqrt{x-1}}{x}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{2}}{x}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1\right)\)
có \(\dfrac{\sqrt{y-2}}{y}=\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(y-2\right)2}}{\sqrt{2}.y}\)
\(=>\sqrt{\left(y-2\right)2}\le\dfrac{y-2+2}{2}=\dfrac{y}{2}\)
\(=>\dfrac{\sqrt{\left(y-2\right)2}}{\sqrt{2}.y}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{2}}{\sqrt{2}.y}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\left(2\right)\)
tương tự \(=>\dfrac{\sqrt{z-3}}{z}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\left(3\right)\)
(1)(2)(3)\(=>A\le\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
\(xy+yz+zx=3xyz\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}=3\)
Có \(\dfrac{1}{x+2y+3z}=\dfrac{1}{\left(x+y\right)+\left(y+z\right)+2z}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{x+y}+\dfrac{1}{y+z}+\dfrac{1}{2z}\right)\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{4x}+\dfrac{1}{4y}+\dfrac{1}{4y}+\dfrac{1}{4z}+\dfrac{1}{2z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{4x}+\dfrac{1}{2y}+\dfrac{3}{4z}\right)\)
Tương tự cx có: \(\dfrac{1}{y+2z+3x}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{4y}+\dfrac{1}{2z}+\dfrac{3}{4x}\right)\);\(\dfrac{1}{z+2x+3y}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{4z}+\dfrac{1}{2x}+\dfrac{3}{4y}\right)\)
Cộng vế với vế \(\Rightarrow\Sigma\dfrac{1}{x+2y+3z}\le\dfrac{1}{9}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{4}\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xayra khi x=y=z=1
Vậy \(P_{max}=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Ta có :
\(P=\sum\dfrac{x^3}{\sqrt{y^2+3}}\ge\sum\dfrac{x^3}{\sqrt{y^2+xy+yz+zx}}\ge\sum\dfrac{x^3}{\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\\ \overset{Cosi}{\ge}\sum\dfrac{2x^3}{x+2y+z}\ge2\sum\dfrac{\left(x^2\right)^2}{x^2+2xy+xz}\\ \overset{Svacxo}{\ge}2\dfrac{\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2+3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}\)
\(\overset{Cosi}{\ge}\dfrac{2\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)^2}{4\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)}=\dfrac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2}\\ \overset{Cosi}{\ge}\dfrac{xy+yz+zx}{2}\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x=y=z=1